Routine preoperative mechanical bowel preparation with additive oral antibiotics is associated with a reduced risk of anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing elective oncologic resection for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage (AL) following colorectal resection is a serious issue. AL in oncologic patients might negatively affect the overall survival. Recently, mechanical bowel preparation with additive oral antibiotics (MBP + AB) prior to surgery has been suggested as a means of reducing AL. However, it is unclear whether this positive effect is secondary to MBP alone or secondary to the additive oral antibiotic (MBP + AB). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mechanical bowel preparation with additive oral antibiotics (MBP + AB) and without additive oral antibiotics (MBP − AB) on the rate of AL following colorectal resection for cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing surgical management for colorectal cancer with anastomosis from January 2014 till September 2017 were included for analysis. Cases undergoing MBP + AB were included in the study group. Patients undergoing MBP − AB were included in the control group. Both groups were compared with regard to the rate of AL. RESULTS: Four hundred and ninety-six patients: 125 undergoing MBP + AB and 371 undergoing MBP – AB were included for analysis. Significantly, more male patients were included in the MBP – AB group compared to the MBP + AB group: 60.1% vs. 45.6% respectively (p = 0.03). Both groups were similar with regard to age distribution and clinicopathological findings (p > 0.05). The rate of AL was significantly higher in the control group (MBP − AB) compared to study group (MBP + AB) (9.1% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Mechanical bowel preparation with additive oral antibiotics prior to elective colorectal resection with anastomosis significantly reduces the risk of AL. Therefore, mechanical bowel preparation with additive non-absorbable oral antibiotics should be recommended in all cases prior to elective colorectal surgery.