Functional Variation of Two Novel Cellulases, Pv-eng-5 and Pv-eng-8, and the Heat Shock 90 Gene, Pv-hsp-90, in Pratylenchus vulnus and Their Expression in Response to Different Temperature Stress

Functional characterization of two novel endoglucanase genes, Pv-eng-5 and Pv-eng-8, of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus was carried out. In situ-hybridization experiments revealed that Pv-eng-8 transcript was localized in the pharyngeal glands. Silencing of Pv-eng-5 and Pv-eng-8 resulted in a significant reduction of expression level (52% and 67%, respectively). Furthermore, the silencing of Pv-eng-8 determined a reduction (41%) in nematode reproduction, suggesting that treated nematodes are much less able to process food. Surprisingly, no significant difference on reproduction rate was observed with Pv-eng-5 dsRNA nematodes, suggesting a neofunctionalization of Pv-eng-5 despite the high similarity with nematode endoglucanases. Pratylenchus species are poikilothermic organisms showing close relationships with the environmental temperature. The effects of different temperature ranges revealed that the reproductive potential of P. vulnus increased with increasing temperature from 23 °C to 28 °C, but no reproduction was observed at 33 °C. In real time, increasing temperature from 23 °C to 28 °C the heat shock gene Pv-hsp-90 was differentially expressed in adult stages, while the levels of the effector genes Pv-eng-1 and Pv-eng-8 in females showed no significant differences compared to those observed at 23 °C, only in males Pv-eng-8 level decreased (45%). The upregulation of Pv-hsp-90 in both adult stages suggests a protective mechanism in order to cope with unfavorable environmental conditions.