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Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment
Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is the most important enzyme of inorganic phosphorus-dissolving metabolism, catalyzing the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The insoluble phosphate in the sediment is converted into soluble phosphate, facilitating mass reproduction of algae. Therefore,...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6339069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010001 |
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author | Li, Yong Zhang, Jianqiang Gong, Zhiliang Xu, Wenlai Mou, Zishen |
author_facet | Li, Yong Zhang, Jianqiang Gong, Zhiliang Xu, Wenlai Mou, Zishen |
author_sort | Li, Yong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is the most important enzyme of inorganic phosphorus-dissolving metabolism, catalyzing the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The insoluble phosphate in the sediment is converted into soluble phosphate, facilitating mass reproduction of algae. Therefore, studying the diversity of gcd genes which encode GDH is beneficial to reveal the microbial group that has a significant influence on the eutrophication of water. Taking the eutrophic Sancha Lake sediments as the research object, we acquired samples from six sites in the spring and autumn. A total of 219,778 high-quality sequences were obtained by DNA extraction of microbial groups in sediments, PCR amplification of the gcd gene, and high-throughput sequencing. Six phyla, nine classes, 15 orders, 29 families, 46 genera, and 610 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined, suggesting the high genetic diversity of gcd. Gcd genes came mainly from the genera of Rhizobium (1.63–77.99%), Ensifer (0.13–56.95%), Shinella (0.32–25.49%), and Sinorhizobium (0.16–11.88%) in the phylum of Proteobacteria (25.10–98.85%). The abundance of these dominant gcd-harboring bacteria was higher in the spring than in autumn, suggesting that they have an important effect on the eutrophication of the Sancha Lake. The alpha and beta diversity of gcd genes presented spatial and temporal differences due to different sampling site types and sampling seasons. Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that the diversity and abundance of gcd genes were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphorus hydrochloride (HCl–P), and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP). OTU composition was significantly correlated with DO, total organic carbon (TOC), and DTP. GDH encoded by gcd genes transformed insoluble phosphate into dissolved phosphate, resulting in the eutrophication of Sancha Lake. The results suggest that gcd genes encoding GDH may play an important role in lake eutrophication. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6339069 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63390692019-01-23 Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment Li, Yong Zhang, Jianqiang Gong, Zhiliang Xu, Wenlai Mou, Zishen Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is the most important enzyme of inorganic phosphorus-dissolving metabolism, catalyzing the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The insoluble phosphate in the sediment is converted into soluble phosphate, facilitating mass reproduction of algae. Therefore, studying the diversity of gcd genes which encode GDH is beneficial to reveal the microbial group that has a significant influence on the eutrophication of water. Taking the eutrophic Sancha Lake sediments as the research object, we acquired samples from six sites in the spring and autumn. A total of 219,778 high-quality sequences were obtained by DNA extraction of microbial groups in sediments, PCR amplification of the gcd gene, and high-throughput sequencing. Six phyla, nine classes, 15 orders, 29 families, 46 genera, and 610 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined, suggesting the high genetic diversity of gcd. Gcd genes came mainly from the genera of Rhizobium (1.63–77.99%), Ensifer (0.13–56.95%), Shinella (0.32–25.49%), and Sinorhizobium (0.16–11.88%) in the phylum of Proteobacteria (25.10–98.85%). The abundance of these dominant gcd-harboring bacteria was higher in the spring than in autumn, suggesting that they have an important effect on the eutrophication of the Sancha Lake. The alpha and beta diversity of gcd genes presented spatial and temporal differences due to different sampling site types and sampling seasons. Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that the diversity and abundance of gcd genes were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphorus hydrochloride (HCl–P), and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP). OTU composition was significantly correlated with DO, total organic carbon (TOC), and DTP. GDH encoded by gcd genes transformed insoluble phosphate into dissolved phosphate, resulting in the eutrophication of Sancha Lake. The results suggest that gcd genes encoding GDH may play an important role in lake eutrophication. MDPI 2018-12-20 2019-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6339069/ /pubmed/30577417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010001 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Yong Zhang, Jianqiang Gong, Zhiliang Xu, Wenlai Mou, Zishen Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment |
title | Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment |
title_full | Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment |
title_fullStr | Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment |
title_full_unstemmed | Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment |
title_short | Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment |
title_sort | gcd gene diversity of quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in the sediment of sancha lake and its response to the environment |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6339069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010001 |
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