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The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization
The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes survival in complex and dynamic environments. When confronted with a potential threat, an animal must select an appropriate defensive response based on previous experiences that are not identical, weighing cues...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30697153 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00329 |
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author | Asok, Arun Kandel, Eric R. Rayman, Joseph B. |
author_facet | Asok, Arun Kandel, Eric R. Rayman, Joseph B. |
author_sort | Asok, Arun |
collection | PubMed |
description | The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes survival in complex and dynamic environments. When confronted with a potential threat, an animal must select an appropriate defensive response based on previous experiences that are not identical, weighing cues and contextual information that may predict safety or danger. Like other aspects of fear memory, generalization is mediated by the coordinated actions of prefrontal, hippocampal, amygdalar, and thalamic brain areas. In this review article, we describe the current understanding of the behavioral, neural, genetic, and biochemical mechanisms involved in the generalization of fear. Fear generalization is a hallmark of many anxiety and stress-related disorders, and its emergence, severity, and manifestation are sex-dependent. Therefore, to improve the dialog between human and animal studies as well as to accelerate the development of effective therapeutics, we emphasize the need to examine both sex differences and remote timescales in rodent models. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6340999 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63409992019-01-29 The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization Asok, Arun Kandel, Eric R. Rayman, Joseph B. Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes survival in complex and dynamic environments. When confronted with a potential threat, an animal must select an appropriate defensive response based on previous experiences that are not identical, weighing cues and contextual information that may predict safety or danger. Like other aspects of fear memory, generalization is mediated by the coordinated actions of prefrontal, hippocampal, amygdalar, and thalamic brain areas. In this review article, we describe the current understanding of the behavioral, neural, genetic, and biochemical mechanisms involved in the generalization of fear. Fear generalization is a hallmark of many anxiety and stress-related disorders, and its emergence, severity, and manifestation are sex-dependent. Therefore, to improve the dialog between human and animal studies as well as to accelerate the development of effective therapeutics, we emphasize the need to examine both sex differences and remote timescales in rodent models. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6340999/ /pubmed/30697153 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00329 Text en Copyright © 2019 Asok, Kandel and Rayman. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Asok, Arun Kandel, Eric R. Rayman, Joseph B. The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization |
title | The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization |
title_full | The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization |
title_fullStr | The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization |
title_full_unstemmed | The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization |
title_short | The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization |
title_sort | neurobiology of fear generalization |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30697153 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00329 |
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