Lung recruitment: What has computed tomography taught us in the last decade?

Although chest X-ray remains a fundamental lung imaging technique, through the years, CT scan has significantly improved our knowledge of the pathophysiological process and currently is the reference lung imaging tool for both a visual and quantitative computer-based analysis. The application of lung CT in the early phase of ARDS has led to changes in the clinical management in up of thirty percent of the patients. Although CT requires the transportation of the patient to the radiological department and exposes the patient to high dose of radiation, given the several information that CT can offer, it should be applied at least one time, in the early phase in all ARDS patients. CT plays an irreplaceable role to describe and assess the lung recruitability and to help a more physiological setting of mechanical ventilation.