CD8(+)XCR1(neg) Dendritic Cells Express High Levels of Toll-Like Receptor 5 and a Unique Complement of Endocytic Receptors

Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) resident in the lymphoid organs of mice have been classically divided into CD8(+) and CD8(neg) subsets. It is well-established that CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and their migratory counterparts in the periphery comprise the cross-presenting cDC1 subset. In contrast, CD8(neg) DCs are grouped together in the heterogeneous cDC2 subset. CD8(neg) DCs are relatively poor cross-presenters and drive more prominent CD4(+) T cell responses against exogenous antigens. The discovery of the X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1) as a specific marker of cross-presenting DCs, has led to the identification of a divergent subset of CD8(+) DCs that lacks the ability to cross-present. Here, we report that these poorly characterized CD8(+)XCR1(neg) DCs have a gene expression profile that is consistent with both plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and cDC2. Our data demonstrate that CD8(+)XCR1(neg) DCs possess a unique pattern of endocytic receptors and a restricted toll-like receptor (TLR) profile that is particularly enriched for TLR5, giving them a unique position within the DC immunosurveillance network.