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Photocatalysis with Reduced TiO(2): From Black TiO(2) to Cocatalyst-Free Hydrogen Production
[Image: see text] Black TiO(2) nanomaterials have recently emerged as promising candidates for solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. Despite the great efforts to synthesize highly reduced TiO(2), it is apparent that intermediate degree of reduction (namely, gray titania) brings about the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30701123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04068 |
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author | Naldoni, Alberto Altomare, Marco Zoppellaro, Giorgio Liu, Ning Kment, Štěpán Zbořil, Radek Schmuki, Patrik |
author_facet | Naldoni, Alberto Altomare, Marco Zoppellaro, Giorgio Liu, Ning Kment, Štěpán Zbořil, Radek Schmuki, Patrik |
author_sort | Naldoni, Alberto |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Black TiO(2) nanomaterials have recently emerged as promising candidates for solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. Despite the great efforts to synthesize highly reduced TiO(2), it is apparent that intermediate degree of reduction (namely, gray titania) brings about the formation of peculiar defective catalytic sites enabling cocatalyst-free hydrogen generation. A precise understanding of the structural and electronic nature of these catalytically active sites is still elusive, as well as the fundamental structure–activity relationships that govern formation of crystal defects, increased light absorption, charge separation, and photocatalytic activity. In this Review, we discuss the basic concepts that underlie an effective design of reduced TiO(2) photocatalysts for hydrogen production such as (i) defects formation in reduced TiO(2), (ii) analysis of structure deformation and presence of unpaired electrons through electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, (iii) insights from surface science on electronic singularities due to defects, and (iv) the key differences between black and gray titania, that is, photocatalysts that require Pt-modification and cocatalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Finally, future directions to improve the performance of reduced TiO(2) photocatalysts are outlined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6344061 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63440612019-01-28 Photocatalysis with Reduced TiO(2): From Black TiO(2) to Cocatalyst-Free Hydrogen Production Naldoni, Alberto Altomare, Marco Zoppellaro, Giorgio Liu, Ning Kment, Štěpán Zbořil, Radek Schmuki, Patrik ACS Catal [Image: see text] Black TiO(2) nanomaterials have recently emerged as promising candidates for solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. Despite the great efforts to synthesize highly reduced TiO(2), it is apparent that intermediate degree of reduction (namely, gray titania) brings about the formation of peculiar defective catalytic sites enabling cocatalyst-free hydrogen generation. A precise understanding of the structural and electronic nature of these catalytically active sites is still elusive, as well as the fundamental structure–activity relationships that govern formation of crystal defects, increased light absorption, charge separation, and photocatalytic activity. In this Review, we discuss the basic concepts that underlie an effective design of reduced TiO(2) photocatalysts for hydrogen production such as (i) defects formation in reduced TiO(2), (ii) analysis of structure deformation and presence of unpaired electrons through electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, (iii) insights from surface science on electronic singularities due to defects, and (iv) the key differences between black and gray titania, that is, photocatalysts that require Pt-modification and cocatalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Finally, future directions to improve the performance of reduced TiO(2) photocatalysts are outlined. American Chemical Society 2018-11-30 2019-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6344061/ /pubmed/30701123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04068 Text en Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Naldoni, Alberto Altomare, Marco Zoppellaro, Giorgio Liu, Ning Kment, Štěpán Zbořil, Radek Schmuki, Patrik Photocatalysis with Reduced TiO(2): From Black TiO(2) to Cocatalyst-Free Hydrogen Production |
title | Photocatalysis
with Reduced TiO(2): From
Black TiO(2) to Cocatalyst-Free Hydrogen Production |
title_full | Photocatalysis
with Reduced TiO(2): From
Black TiO(2) to Cocatalyst-Free Hydrogen Production |
title_fullStr | Photocatalysis
with Reduced TiO(2): From
Black TiO(2) to Cocatalyst-Free Hydrogen Production |
title_full_unstemmed | Photocatalysis
with Reduced TiO(2): From
Black TiO(2) to Cocatalyst-Free Hydrogen Production |
title_short | Photocatalysis
with Reduced TiO(2): From
Black TiO(2) to Cocatalyst-Free Hydrogen Production |
title_sort | photocatalysis
with reduced tio(2): from
black tio(2) to cocatalyst-free hydrogen production |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30701123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04068 |
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