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Genetic variability in a Brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements

The apple (Malus domestica Borkh) originally evolved to require temperatures below 7.2 °C for the induction of budding and flowering. In Brazil, breeders have overcome the climate barrier and developed the cultivars Anabela, Julieta, Carícia, and Eva, with low chilling requirements and good yield ch...

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Autores principales: Mariano, Livia Costa, Zchonski, Felipe Liss, da Silva, Clandio Medeiros, Da-Silva, Paulo Roberto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30693149
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6265
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author Mariano, Livia Costa
Zchonski, Felipe Liss
da Silva, Clandio Medeiros
Da-Silva, Paulo Roberto
author_facet Mariano, Livia Costa
Zchonski, Felipe Liss
da Silva, Clandio Medeiros
Da-Silva, Paulo Roberto
author_sort Mariano, Livia Costa
collection PubMed
description The apple (Malus domestica Borkh) originally evolved to require temperatures below 7.2 °C for the induction of budding and flowering. In Brazil, breeders have overcome the climate barrier and developed the cultivars Anabela, Julieta, Carícia, and Eva, with low chilling requirements and good yield characteristics. These cultivars are grown in many warmer climate countries in South America, Africa, and the Middle East. The apple germplasm collection that originated these cultivars has several genotypes with pedigrees for a low chilling requirement. Knowledge of the variability and genetic relationships among these genotypes may be useful in the development of superior new cultivars. In this work, we first selected the best ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) primers for genetic studies in apple, and then we used the selected primers to evaluate the genetic variability of the apple germplasm collection at the Instituto Agronômico do Paraná. The evaluation of 42 ISSR primers in 10 apple genotypes allowed us to select the best nine primers based on the polymorphic information content (PIC) and resolving power (RP) indexes. The primer selection step was robust since the dendrogram obtained with the nine selected primers was the same as the one obtained using all 26 polymorphic primers. Primer selection using PIC and RP indexes allowed us to save about 60% of time and costs in the genetic variability study. The nine ISSR primers showed high levels of genetic variability in the 60 apple genotypes evaluated. The relevance of the primer selection step is discussed from the perspective of saving time and money in germplasm characterization. The high genetic variability and the genetic relationships among the genotypes are discussed from the perspective of the development of new apple cultivars, mainly aiming for a low chilling requirement that can better adapt to current climatic conditions or those that may arise with global warming.
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spelling pubmed-63452172019-01-28 Genetic variability in a Brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements Mariano, Livia Costa Zchonski, Felipe Liss da Silva, Clandio Medeiros Da-Silva, Paulo Roberto PeerJ Agricultural Science The apple (Malus domestica Borkh) originally evolved to require temperatures below 7.2 °C for the induction of budding and flowering. In Brazil, breeders have overcome the climate barrier and developed the cultivars Anabela, Julieta, Carícia, and Eva, with low chilling requirements and good yield characteristics. These cultivars are grown in many warmer climate countries in South America, Africa, and the Middle East. The apple germplasm collection that originated these cultivars has several genotypes with pedigrees for a low chilling requirement. Knowledge of the variability and genetic relationships among these genotypes may be useful in the development of superior new cultivars. In this work, we first selected the best ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) primers for genetic studies in apple, and then we used the selected primers to evaluate the genetic variability of the apple germplasm collection at the Instituto Agronômico do Paraná. The evaluation of 42 ISSR primers in 10 apple genotypes allowed us to select the best nine primers based on the polymorphic information content (PIC) and resolving power (RP) indexes. The primer selection step was robust since the dendrogram obtained with the nine selected primers was the same as the one obtained using all 26 polymorphic primers. Primer selection using PIC and RP indexes allowed us to save about 60% of time and costs in the genetic variability study. The nine ISSR primers showed high levels of genetic variability in the 60 apple genotypes evaluated. The relevance of the primer selection step is discussed from the perspective of saving time and money in germplasm characterization. The high genetic variability and the genetic relationships among the genotypes are discussed from the perspective of the development of new apple cultivars, mainly aiming for a low chilling requirement that can better adapt to current climatic conditions or those that may arise with global warming. PeerJ Inc. 2019-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6345217/ /pubmed/30693149 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6265 Text en ©2019 Mariano et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Agricultural Science
Mariano, Livia Costa
Zchonski, Felipe Liss
da Silva, Clandio Medeiros
Da-Silva, Paulo Roberto
Genetic variability in a Brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements
title Genetic variability in a Brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements
title_full Genetic variability in a Brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements
title_fullStr Genetic variability in a Brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements
title_full_unstemmed Genetic variability in a Brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements
title_short Genetic variability in a Brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements
title_sort genetic variability in a brazilian apple germplasm collection with low chilling requirements
topic Agricultural Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30693149
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6265
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