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Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions
BACKGROUND: To objectively investigate accommodative response to various refractive stimuli in subjects with normal accommodation. METHODS: This prospective, non-randomized clinical trial included 64 eyes of 32 subjects with a mean spherical equivalent −1.4 diopters (D). We evaluated changes in acco...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345635/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30686953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e32 |
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author | Park, Honghyun Park, In Ki Shin, Jae-Ho Chun, Yeoun Sook |
author_facet | Park, Honghyun Park, In Ki Shin, Jae-Ho Chun, Yeoun Sook |
author_sort | Park, Honghyun |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: To objectively investigate accommodative response to various refractive stimuli in subjects with normal accommodation. METHODS: This prospective, non-randomized clinical trial included 64 eyes of 32 subjects with a mean spherical equivalent −1.4 diopters (D). We evaluated changes in accommodative power, pupil diameter, astigmatic value, and axis when visual stimuli were applied to binocular, monocular (dominant eye, non-dominant eye, ipsilateral, and contralateral), and pinhole conditions. Visual stimuli were given at 0.25 D (4 m), 2 D (50 cm), 3 D (33 cm), and 4 D (25 cm) and accommodative response was evaluated using open view binocular autorefractor/keratometer. RESULTS: The accommodative response to binocular stimulus was 90.9% of the actual refractive stimulus, while that of the monocular stimulus was 84.6%. The binocular stimulus induced a smaller pupil diameter than did the monocular stimulus. There was no difference in accommodative response between the dominant eye and non-dominant eye or between ipsilateral and contralateral stimuli. As the refractive stimuli became stronger, the absolute astigmatic value increased and the direction of the astigmatism axis became more horizontal. Pinhole glasses required 10%–15% less accommodative power compared with the monocular condition. CONCLUSION: Binocular stimuli enable more precise and effective accommodation than do monocular stimuli. Accommodative response is composed of 90% true accommodation and 10% pseudo-accommodation, and the refractive stimulus in one eye affects the contralateral eye to the same extent. This should be taken into account when developing guidelines for wearing smart glasses while driving, as visual stimulation is applied to only one eye, but far distance attention is constantly needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03557346 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6345635 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63456352019-01-28 Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions Park, Honghyun Park, In Ki Shin, Jae-Ho Chun, Yeoun Sook J Korean Med Sci Original Article BACKGROUND: To objectively investigate accommodative response to various refractive stimuli in subjects with normal accommodation. METHODS: This prospective, non-randomized clinical trial included 64 eyes of 32 subjects with a mean spherical equivalent −1.4 diopters (D). We evaluated changes in accommodative power, pupil diameter, astigmatic value, and axis when visual stimuli were applied to binocular, monocular (dominant eye, non-dominant eye, ipsilateral, and contralateral), and pinhole conditions. Visual stimuli were given at 0.25 D (4 m), 2 D (50 cm), 3 D (33 cm), and 4 D (25 cm) and accommodative response was evaluated using open view binocular autorefractor/keratometer. RESULTS: The accommodative response to binocular stimulus was 90.9% of the actual refractive stimulus, while that of the monocular stimulus was 84.6%. The binocular stimulus induced a smaller pupil diameter than did the monocular stimulus. There was no difference in accommodative response between the dominant eye and non-dominant eye or between ipsilateral and contralateral stimuli. As the refractive stimuli became stronger, the absolute astigmatic value increased and the direction of the astigmatism axis became more horizontal. Pinhole glasses required 10%–15% less accommodative power compared with the monocular condition. CONCLUSION: Binocular stimuli enable more precise and effective accommodation than do monocular stimuli. Accommodative response is composed of 90% true accommodation and 10% pseudo-accommodation, and the refractive stimulus in one eye affects the contralateral eye to the same extent. This should be taken into account when developing guidelines for wearing smart glasses while driving, as visual stimulation is applied to only one eye, but far distance attention is constantly needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03557346 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2019-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6345635/ /pubmed/30686953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e32 Text en © 2019 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Park, Honghyun Park, In Ki Shin, Jae-Ho Chun, Yeoun Sook Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions |
title | Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions |
title_full | Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions |
title_fullStr | Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions |
title_short | Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions |
title_sort | objective verification of physiologic changes during accommodation under binocular, monocular, and pinhole conditions |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345635/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30686953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e32 |
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