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Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein

The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease (CVD) remains obscure. It has been postulated that oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins causes proinflammatory changes. Our earlier study confirmed this hypothesis. This study is aimed at assessing chemokines and growth fac...

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Autores principales: Grudzińska, Ewa, Grzegorczyn, Sławomir, Czuba, Zenon P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6348837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30733642
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7057303
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author Grudzińska, Ewa
Grzegorczyn, Sławomir
Czuba, Zenon P.
author_facet Grudzińska, Ewa
Grzegorczyn, Sławomir
Czuba, Zenon P.
author_sort Grudzińska, Ewa
collection PubMed
description The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease (CVD) remains obscure. It has been postulated that oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins causes proinflammatory changes. Our earlier study confirmed this hypothesis. This study is aimed at assessing chemokines and growth factors (GFs) released by lymphocytes in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. In 34 patients exhibiting reflux in GSV, blood was derived from the cubital vein and from the incompetent saphenofemoral junction. In 12 healthy controls, blood was derived from the cubital vein. Lymphocyte culture with and without stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was performed. Eotaxin, interleukin 8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 A and 1B (MIP-1A and MIP-1B), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 5 (IL-5), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed in culture supernatants by a Bio-Plex assay. Higher concentrations of eotaxin and G-CSF were revealed in the incompetent GSV, compared with the concentrations in the patients' upper limbs. The concentrations of MIP-1A and MIP-1B were higher in the CVD group while the concentration of VEGF was lower. In the stimulated cultures, the concentration of G-CSF proved higher in the incompetent GSV, as compared with the patients' upper limbs. Between the groups, the concentration of eotaxin was higher in the CVD group, while the IL-5 and MCP-1 concentrations were lower. IL-8, IP-10, FGF, GM-CSF, and PDGF-BB did not reveal any significant differences in concentrations between the samples. These observations suggest that the concentrations of chemokines and GFs are different in the blood of CVD patients. The oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins may play a role in these changes. However, the role of cytokines in CVD requires further study.
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spelling pubmed-63488372019-02-07 Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein Grudzińska, Ewa Grzegorczyn, Sławomir Czuba, Zenon P. Mediators Inflamm Research Article The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease (CVD) remains obscure. It has been postulated that oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins causes proinflammatory changes. Our earlier study confirmed this hypothesis. This study is aimed at assessing chemokines and growth factors (GFs) released by lymphocytes in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. In 34 patients exhibiting reflux in GSV, blood was derived from the cubital vein and from the incompetent saphenofemoral junction. In 12 healthy controls, blood was derived from the cubital vein. Lymphocyte culture with and without stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was performed. Eotaxin, interleukin 8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 A and 1B (MIP-1A and MIP-1B), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 5 (IL-5), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed in culture supernatants by a Bio-Plex assay. Higher concentrations of eotaxin and G-CSF were revealed in the incompetent GSV, compared with the concentrations in the patients' upper limbs. The concentrations of MIP-1A and MIP-1B were higher in the CVD group while the concentration of VEGF was lower. In the stimulated cultures, the concentration of G-CSF proved higher in the incompetent GSV, as compared with the patients' upper limbs. Between the groups, the concentration of eotaxin was higher in the CVD group, while the IL-5 and MCP-1 concentrations were lower. IL-8, IP-10, FGF, GM-CSF, and PDGF-BB did not reveal any significant differences in concentrations between the samples. These observations suggest that the concentrations of chemokines and GFs are different in the blood of CVD patients. The oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins may play a role in these changes. However, the role of cytokines in CVD requires further study. Hindawi 2019-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6348837/ /pubmed/30733642 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7057303 Text en Copyright © 2019 Ewa Grudzińska et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Grudzińska, Ewa
Grzegorczyn, Sławomir
Czuba, Zenon P.
Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein
title Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein
title_full Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein
title_fullStr Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein
title_full_unstemmed Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein
title_short Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein
title_sort chemokines and growth factors produced by lymphocytes in the incompetent great saphenous vein
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6348837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30733642
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7057303
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