Clustering of Health-Related Behavior Patterns and Demographics. Results From the Population-Based KORA S4/F4 Cohort Study

Background: Health behaviors are of great importance for public health. Previous research shows that health behaviors are clustered and do not occur by chance. The main objective of this study was to investigate and describe the clustering of alcohol consumption, nutrition, physical activity and smoking while also considering the influence of sex, age and education. Methods: Using data from the population-based KORA S4/F4 cohort study, latent class regression analysis was undertaken to identify different clusters of health behavior patterns. The clusters were described according to demographics. Furthermore, the clusters were described regarding health-related quality of life at baseline and at a 7 year follow-up. Results: Based on a sample of 4,238 participants, three distinct classes were identified. One overall healthy class and two heterogeneous classes. Classes varied especially according to sex, indicating a healthier behavior pattern for females. No clear association between healthier classes and age, education or physical and mental health-related quality of life was found. Discussion: This study strengthens the literature on the clustering of health behaviors and additionally describes the identified clusters in association with health-related quality of life. More research on associations between clustering of health behaviors and important clinical outcomes is needed.