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Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis

Euglena gracilis is a microalga, which has been used as a model organism for decades. Recent technological advances have enabled mass cultivation of this species for industrial applications such as feedstock in nutritional foods and cosmetics. E. gracilis degrades its storage polysaccharide (paramyl...

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Autores principales: Yamada, Koji, Nitta, Tomoaki, Atsuji, Kohei, Shiroyama, Maeka, Inoue, Komaki, Higuchi, Chieko, Nitta, Nobuko, Oshiro, Satoshi, Mochida, Keiichi, Iwata, Osamu, Ohtsu, Iwao, Suzuki, Kengo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6351624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696857
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36600-z
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author Yamada, Koji
Nitta, Tomoaki
Atsuji, Kohei
Shiroyama, Maeka
Inoue, Komaki
Higuchi, Chieko
Nitta, Nobuko
Oshiro, Satoshi
Mochida, Keiichi
Iwata, Osamu
Ohtsu, Iwao
Suzuki, Kengo
author_facet Yamada, Koji
Nitta, Tomoaki
Atsuji, Kohei
Shiroyama, Maeka
Inoue, Komaki
Higuchi, Chieko
Nitta, Nobuko
Oshiro, Satoshi
Mochida, Keiichi
Iwata, Osamu
Ohtsu, Iwao
Suzuki, Kengo
author_sort Yamada, Koji
collection PubMed
description Euglena gracilis is a microalga, which has been used as a model organism for decades. Recent technological advances have enabled mass cultivation of this species for industrial applications such as feedstock in nutritional foods and cosmetics. E. gracilis degrades its storage polysaccharide (paramylon) under hypoxic conditions for energy acquisition by an oxygen-independent process and accumulates high amount of wax-ester as a by-product. Using this sequence of reactions referred to as wax-ester fermentation, E. gracilis is studied for its application in biofuel production. Although the wax-ester production pathway is well characterized, little is known regarding the biochemical reactions underlying the main metabolic route, especially, the existence of an unknown sulfur-compound metabolism implied by the nasty odor generation accompanying the wax-ester fermentation. In this study, we show sulfur-metabolomics of E. gracilis in aerobic and hypoxic conditions, to reveal the biochemical reactions that occur during wax-ester synthesis. Our results helped us in identifying hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) as the nasty odor-producing component in wax-ester fermentation. In addition, the results indicate that glutathione and protein degrades during hypoxia, whereas cysteine, methionine, and their metabolites increase in the cells. This indicates that this shift of abundance in sulfur compounds is the cause of H(2)S synthesis.
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spelling pubmed-63516242019-01-31 Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis Yamada, Koji Nitta, Tomoaki Atsuji, Kohei Shiroyama, Maeka Inoue, Komaki Higuchi, Chieko Nitta, Nobuko Oshiro, Satoshi Mochida, Keiichi Iwata, Osamu Ohtsu, Iwao Suzuki, Kengo Sci Rep Article Euglena gracilis is a microalga, which has been used as a model organism for decades. Recent technological advances have enabled mass cultivation of this species for industrial applications such as feedstock in nutritional foods and cosmetics. E. gracilis degrades its storage polysaccharide (paramylon) under hypoxic conditions for energy acquisition by an oxygen-independent process and accumulates high amount of wax-ester as a by-product. Using this sequence of reactions referred to as wax-ester fermentation, E. gracilis is studied for its application in biofuel production. Although the wax-ester production pathway is well characterized, little is known regarding the biochemical reactions underlying the main metabolic route, especially, the existence of an unknown sulfur-compound metabolism implied by the nasty odor generation accompanying the wax-ester fermentation. In this study, we show sulfur-metabolomics of E. gracilis in aerobic and hypoxic conditions, to reveal the biochemical reactions that occur during wax-ester synthesis. Our results helped us in identifying hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) as the nasty odor-producing component in wax-ester fermentation. In addition, the results indicate that glutathione and protein degrades during hypoxia, whereas cysteine, methionine, and their metabolites increase in the cells. This indicates that this shift of abundance in sulfur compounds is the cause of H(2)S synthesis. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6351624/ /pubmed/30696857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36600-z Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Yamada, Koji
Nitta, Tomoaki
Atsuji, Kohei
Shiroyama, Maeka
Inoue, Komaki
Higuchi, Chieko
Nitta, Nobuko
Oshiro, Satoshi
Mochida, Keiichi
Iwata, Osamu
Ohtsu, Iwao
Suzuki, Kengo
Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis
title Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis
title_full Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis
title_fullStr Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis
title_short Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis
title_sort characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in euglena gracilis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6351624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696857
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36600-z
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