A Predictive Model for Steady State Ozone Concentration at an Urban-Coastal Site

Ground level ozone (O(3)) plays an important role in controlling the oxidation budget in the boundary layer and thus affects the environment and causes severe health disorders. Ozone gas, being one of the well-known greenhouse gases, although present in small quantities, contributes to global warming. In this study, we present a predictive model for the steady-state ozone concentrations during daytime (13:00–17:00) and nighttime (01:00–05:00) at an urban coastal site. The model is based on a modified approach of the null cycle of O(3) and NO(x) and was evaluated against a one-year data-base of O(3) and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO(2)) measured at an urban coastal site in Jeddah, on the west coast of Saudi Arabia. The model for daytime concentrations was found to be linearly dependent on the concentration ratio of NO(2) to NO whereas that for the nighttime period was suggested to be inversely proportional to NO(2) concentrations. Knowing that reactions involved in tropospheric O(3) formation are very complex, this proposed model provides reasonable predictions for the daytime and nighttime concentrations. Since the current description of the model is solely based on the null cycle of O(3) and NO(x), other precursors could be considered in future development of this model. This study will serve as basis for future studies that might introduce informing strategies to control ground level O(3) concentrations, as well as its precursors’ emissions.