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Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators
An increasing number of studies have suggested benefits of greenness exposure on mental health. We examined the association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms in adults in the general population living in the seven major cities in Korea (N = 65,128). Using data from the Korean Community...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6352234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30634488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020173 |
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author | Song, Hyeonjin Lane, Kevin James Kim, Honghyok Kim, Hyomi Byun, Garam Le, Minh Choi, Yongsoo Park, Chan Ryul Lee, Jong-Tae |
author_facet | Song, Hyeonjin Lane, Kevin James Kim, Honghyok Kim, Hyomi Byun, Garam Le, Minh Choi, Yongsoo Park, Chan Ryul Lee, Jong-Tae |
author_sort | Song, Hyeonjin |
collection | PubMed |
description | An increasing number of studies have suggested benefits of greenness exposure on mental health. We examined the association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms in adults in the general population living in the seven major cities in Korea (N = 65,128). Using data from the Korean Community Health Survey 2009, depressive symptoms were measured on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Greenness was assessed using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land-use data (forest area and forest volume). Logistic regression models were fitted to adjust for potential confounders. Individuals in regions with the highest NDVI (quartile 4) had the lowest odds for depressive symptoms compared to quartile 1, after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 0.813; 95% CI: 0.747, 0.884). For all greenness indicators except for forest area per district area (%), the highest rate of depressive symptoms was found for the individuals in the lowest quartile of greenness (quartile 1) and the lowest rate of depressive symptoms for those in the highest quartile of greenness (quartile 4). We found an inverse association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms, which was consistent across a variety of greenness indicators. Our study suggests health benefits of greenness and could provide a scientific basis for policy making and urban planning. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6352234 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63522342019-02-01 Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators Song, Hyeonjin Lane, Kevin James Kim, Honghyok Kim, Hyomi Byun, Garam Le, Minh Choi, Yongsoo Park, Chan Ryul Lee, Jong-Tae Int J Environ Res Public Health Article An increasing number of studies have suggested benefits of greenness exposure on mental health. We examined the association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms in adults in the general population living in the seven major cities in Korea (N = 65,128). Using data from the Korean Community Health Survey 2009, depressive symptoms were measured on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Greenness was assessed using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land-use data (forest area and forest volume). Logistic regression models were fitted to adjust for potential confounders. Individuals in regions with the highest NDVI (quartile 4) had the lowest odds for depressive symptoms compared to quartile 1, after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 0.813; 95% CI: 0.747, 0.884). For all greenness indicators except for forest area per district area (%), the highest rate of depressive symptoms was found for the individuals in the lowest quartile of greenness (quartile 1) and the lowest rate of depressive symptoms for those in the highest quartile of greenness (quartile 4). We found an inverse association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms, which was consistent across a variety of greenness indicators. Our study suggests health benefits of greenness and could provide a scientific basis for policy making and urban planning. MDPI 2019-01-09 2019-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6352234/ /pubmed/30634488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020173 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Song, Hyeonjin Lane, Kevin James Kim, Honghyok Kim, Hyomi Byun, Garam Le, Minh Choi, Yongsoo Park, Chan Ryul Lee, Jong-Tae Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators |
title | Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators |
title_full | Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators |
title_fullStr | Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators |
title_full_unstemmed | Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators |
title_short | Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators |
title_sort | association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms: evaluation of greenness using various indicators |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6352234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30634488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020173 |
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