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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake by Age, Gender, and Pregnancy Status in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2014
Despite the importance of n-3 fatty acids for health, intakes remain below recommended levels. The objective of this study was to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 fatty acid intake (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States using th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356780/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30650613 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010177 |
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author | Thompson, Maranda Hein, Nicholas Hanson, Corrine Smith, Lynette M. Anderson-Berry, Ann Richter, Chesney K. Stessy Bisselou, Karl Kusi Appiah, Adams Kris-Etherton, Penny Skulas-Ray, Ann C. Nordgren, Tara M. |
author_facet | Thompson, Maranda Hein, Nicholas Hanson, Corrine Smith, Lynette M. Anderson-Berry, Ann Richter, Chesney K. Stessy Bisselou, Karl Kusi Appiah, Adams Kris-Etherton, Penny Skulas-Ray, Ann C. Nordgren, Tara M. |
author_sort | Thompson, Maranda |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite the importance of n-3 fatty acids for health, intakes remain below recommended levels. The objective of this study was to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 fatty acid intake (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States using the 2003–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (n = 45,347)). Over this survey period, toddlers, children, and adolescents (aged 1–19) had significantly lower n-3 fatty acid intake (p < 0.001) compared to adults and seniors, which remained significant after adjusting for caloric intake. Females demonstrated lower n-3 fatty acid intake than males (p < 0.001), with adult and senior women having significantly lower intakes compared to men in the same age categories (p < 0.001) after adjustment for energy intake. Women also consumed less fish than men (5.8 versus 6.1 servings/month, p < 0.001). The estimated intakes of n-3 fatty acids in pregnant women did not differ from non-pregnant women (p = 0.6 for EPA+DHA), although pregnant women reported consuming less high n-3 fatty acid-containing fish than non-pregnant women (1.8 versus 2.6 servings/month, p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that subgroups of the population may be at higher risk of n-3 fatty acid intakes below recommended levels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6356780 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63567802019-02-01 Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake by Age, Gender, and Pregnancy Status in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2014 Thompson, Maranda Hein, Nicholas Hanson, Corrine Smith, Lynette M. Anderson-Berry, Ann Richter, Chesney K. Stessy Bisselou, Karl Kusi Appiah, Adams Kris-Etherton, Penny Skulas-Ray, Ann C. Nordgren, Tara M. Nutrients Article Despite the importance of n-3 fatty acids for health, intakes remain below recommended levels. The objective of this study was to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 fatty acid intake (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States using the 2003–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (n = 45,347)). Over this survey period, toddlers, children, and adolescents (aged 1–19) had significantly lower n-3 fatty acid intake (p < 0.001) compared to adults and seniors, which remained significant after adjusting for caloric intake. Females demonstrated lower n-3 fatty acid intake than males (p < 0.001), with adult and senior women having significantly lower intakes compared to men in the same age categories (p < 0.001) after adjustment for energy intake. Women also consumed less fish than men (5.8 versus 6.1 servings/month, p < 0.001). The estimated intakes of n-3 fatty acids in pregnant women did not differ from non-pregnant women (p = 0.6 for EPA+DHA), although pregnant women reported consuming less high n-3 fatty acid-containing fish than non-pregnant women (1.8 versus 2.6 servings/month, p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that subgroups of the population may be at higher risk of n-3 fatty acid intakes below recommended levels. MDPI 2019-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6356780/ /pubmed/30650613 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010177 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Thompson, Maranda Hein, Nicholas Hanson, Corrine Smith, Lynette M. Anderson-Berry, Ann Richter, Chesney K. Stessy Bisselou, Karl Kusi Appiah, Adams Kris-Etherton, Penny Skulas-Ray, Ann C. Nordgren, Tara M. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake by Age, Gender, and Pregnancy Status in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2014 |
title | Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake by Age, Gender, and Pregnancy Status in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2014 |
title_full | Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake by Age, Gender, and Pregnancy Status in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2014 |
title_fullStr | Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake by Age, Gender, and Pregnancy Status in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2014 |
title_full_unstemmed | Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake by Age, Gender, and Pregnancy Status in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2014 |
title_short | Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake by Age, Gender, and Pregnancy Status in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2014 |
title_sort | omega-3 fatty acid intake by age, gender, and pregnancy status in the united states: national health and nutrition examination survey 2003–2014 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356780/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30650613 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010177 |
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