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Glioblastoma: Microenvironment and Niche Concept

The niche concept was originally developed to describe the location of normal neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subependymal layer of the sub-ventricular zone. In this paper, its significance has been extended to the location of tumor stem cells in glioblastoma (GB) to discuss the relationship between...

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Autores principales: Schiffer, Davide, Annovazzi, Laura, Casalone, Cristina, Corona, Cristiano, Mellai, Marta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6357107/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577488
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010005
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author Schiffer, Davide
Annovazzi, Laura
Casalone, Cristina
Corona, Cristiano
Mellai, Marta
author_facet Schiffer, Davide
Annovazzi, Laura
Casalone, Cristina
Corona, Cristiano
Mellai, Marta
author_sort Schiffer, Davide
collection PubMed
description The niche concept was originally developed to describe the location of normal neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subependymal layer of the sub-ventricular zone. In this paper, its significance has been extended to the location of tumor stem cells in glioblastoma (GB) to discuss the relationship between GB stem cells (GSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). Their interaction is basically conceived as responsible for tumor growth, invasion and recurrence. Niches are described as the points of utmost expression of the tumor microenvironment (TME), therefore including everything in the tumor except for tumor cells: NSCs, reactive astrocytes, ECs, glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs), myeloid cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, etc. and all intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways. Perivascular (PVNs), perinecrotic (PNNs) and invasive niches were described from the pathological point of view, highlighting the basic significance of the EC/tumor stem cell couple. PNN development was reinterpreted based on the concept that hyperproliferative areas of GB are composed of GSCs/progenitors. TME was depicted in its function as the main regulator of everything that happens in the tumor. A particular emphasis was given to GAMs, pericytes and reactive astrocytes as important elements affecting proliferation, growth, invasion and resistance to therapies of tumor cells.
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spelling pubmed-63571072019-02-05 Glioblastoma: Microenvironment and Niche Concept Schiffer, Davide Annovazzi, Laura Casalone, Cristina Corona, Cristiano Mellai, Marta Cancers (Basel) Review The niche concept was originally developed to describe the location of normal neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subependymal layer of the sub-ventricular zone. In this paper, its significance has been extended to the location of tumor stem cells in glioblastoma (GB) to discuss the relationship between GB stem cells (GSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). Their interaction is basically conceived as responsible for tumor growth, invasion and recurrence. Niches are described as the points of utmost expression of the tumor microenvironment (TME), therefore including everything in the tumor except for tumor cells: NSCs, reactive astrocytes, ECs, glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs), myeloid cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, etc. and all intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways. Perivascular (PVNs), perinecrotic (PNNs) and invasive niches were described from the pathological point of view, highlighting the basic significance of the EC/tumor stem cell couple. PNN development was reinterpreted based on the concept that hyperproliferative areas of GB are composed of GSCs/progenitors. TME was depicted in its function as the main regulator of everything that happens in the tumor. A particular emphasis was given to GAMs, pericytes and reactive astrocytes as important elements affecting proliferation, growth, invasion and resistance to therapies of tumor cells. MDPI 2018-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6357107/ /pubmed/30577488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010005 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Schiffer, Davide
Annovazzi, Laura
Casalone, Cristina
Corona, Cristiano
Mellai, Marta
Glioblastoma: Microenvironment and Niche Concept
title Glioblastoma: Microenvironment and Niche Concept
title_full Glioblastoma: Microenvironment and Niche Concept
title_fullStr Glioblastoma: Microenvironment and Niche Concept
title_full_unstemmed Glioblastoma: Microenvironment and Niche Concept
title_short Glioblastoma: Microenvironment and Niche Concept
title_sort glioblastoma: microenvironment and niche concept
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6357107/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577488
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010005
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