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Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases

Autophagy is a cellular recycling process involving self-degradation and reconstruction of damaged organelles and proteins. Current evidence suggests that autophagy is critical in kidney physiology and homeostasis. In clinical studies, autophagy activations and inhibitions are linked to acute kidney...

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Autores principales: Lin, Tien-An, Wu, Victor Chien-Chia, Wang, Chao-Yung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6357204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30654583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010061
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author Lin, Tien-An
Wu, Victor Chien-Chia
Wang, Chao-Yung
author_facet Lin, Tien-An
Wu, Victor Chien-Chia
Wang, Chao-Yung
author_sort Lin, Tien-An
collection PubMed
description Autophagy is a cellular recycling process involving self-degradation and reconstruction of damaged organelles and proteins. Current evidence suggests that autophagy is critical in kidney physiology and homeostasis. In clinical studies, autophagy activations and inhibitions are linked to acute kidney injuries, chronic kidney diseases, diabetic nephropathies, and polycystic kidney diseases. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are implicated as important mechanisms underlying many kidney diseases, modulate the autophagy activation and inhibition and lead to cellular recycling dysfunction. Abnormal autophagy function can induce loss of podocytes, damage proximal tubular cells, and glomerulosclerosis. After acute kidney injuries, activated autophagy protects tubular cells from apoptosis and enhances cellular regeneration. Patients with chronic kidney diseases have impaired autophagy that cannot be reversed by hemodialysis. Multiple nephrotoxic medications also alter the autophagy signaling, by which the mechanistic insights of the drugs are revealed, thus providing the unique opportunity to manage the nephrotoxicity of these drugs. In this review, we summarize the current concepts of autophagy and its molecular aspects in different kidney cells pathophysiology. We also discuss the current evidence of autophagy in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, toxic effects of drugs, and aging kidneys. In addition, we examine therapeutic possibilities targeting the autophagy system in kidney diseases.
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spelling pubmed-63572042019-02-06 Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases Lin, Tien-An Wu, Victor Chien-Chia Wang, Chao-Yung Cells Review Autophagy is a cellular recycling process involving self-degradation and reconstruction of damaged organelles and proteins. Current evidence suggests that autophagy is critical in kidney physiology and homeostasis. In clinical studies, autophagy activations and inhibitions are linked to acute kidney injuries, chronic kidney diseases, diabetic nephropathies, and polycystic kidney diseases. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are implicated as important mechanisms underlying many kidney diseases, modulate the autophagy activation and inhibition and lead to cellular recycling dysfunction. Abnormal autophagy function can induce loss of podocytes, damage proximal tubular cells, and glomerulosclerosis. After acute kidney injuries, activated autophagy protects tubular cells from apoptosis and enhances cellular regeneration. Patients with chronic kidney diseases have impaired autophagy that cannot be reversed by hemodialysis. Multiple nephrotoxic medications also alter the autophagy signaling, by which the mechanistic insights of the drugs are revealed, thus providing the unique opportunity to manage the nephrotoxicity of these drugs. In this review, we summarize the current concepts of autophagy and its molecular aspects in different kidney cells pathophysiology. We also discuss the current evidence of autophagy in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, toxic effects of drugs, and aging kidneys. In addition, we examine therapeutic possibilities targeting the autophagy system in kidney diseases. MDPI 2019-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6357204/ /pubmed/30654583 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010061 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Lin, Tien-An
Wu, Victor Chien-Chia
Wang, Chao-Yung
Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases
title Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases
title_full Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases
title_fullStr Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases
title_short Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases
title_sort autophagy in chronic kidney diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6357204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30654583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010061
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