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Impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients

Tillage intensive cropping practices have deteriorated soil physical quality and decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) levels in rice–growing areas of South Asia. Consequently, crop productivity has declined over the years demonstrating the need for sustainable alternatives. Given that, a field experi...

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Autores principales: Nandan, Rajiv, Singh, Vikram, Singh, Sati Shankar, Kumar, Virender, Hazra, Kali Krishna, Nath, Chaitanya Prasad, Poonia, Shishpal, Malik, Ram Kanwar, Bhattacharyya, Ranjan, McDonald, Andrew
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6358044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30996398
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.01.001
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author Nandan, Rajiv
Singh, Vikram
Singh, Sati Shankar
Kumar, Virender
Hazra, Kali Krishna
Nath, Chaitanya Prasad
Poonia, Shishpal
Malik, Ram Kanwar
Bhattacharyya, Ranjan
McDonald, Andrew
author_facet Nandan, Rajiv
Singh, Vikram
Singh, Sati Shankar
Kumar, Virender
Hazra, Kali Krishna
Nath, Chaitanya Prasad
Poonia, Shishpal
Malik, Ram Kanwar
Bhattacharyya, Ranjan
McDonald, Andrew
author_sort Nandan, Rajiv
collection PubMed
description Tillage intensive cropping practices have deteriorated soil physical quality and decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) levels in rice–growing areas of South Asia. Consequently, crop productivity has declined over the years demonstrating the need for sustainable alternatives. Given that, a field experiment was conducted for six years to assess the impact of four tillage based crop establishment treatments [puddled transplant rice followed by conventional tillage in wheat/maize (CTTPR–CT), non–puddled transplant rice followed by zero–tillage in wheat/maize (NPTPR–ZT), zero–till transplant rice followed by zero–tillage in wheat/maize (ZTTPR–ZT), zero–tillage direct seeded rice followed by zero–tillage in wheat/maize (ZTDSR–ZT)], two residue management treatments [residue removal, residue retention (~33%)], and two cropping systems [rice–wheat, rice–maize] on soil aggregation, carbon pools, nutrient availability, and crop productivity. After six years of rotation, in top 0.2 m soil depth, zero–till crop establishment treatments (ZTTPR–ZT and ZTDSR–ZT) had higher (p < 0.05) total organic carbon (TOC) over conventional tillage treatment (CTTPR–CT). Zero–till crop establishment treatments increased very–labile C faction (Cfrac(1)) by 21% followed by labile fraction (Cfrac(2)) (16%), non–labile fraction (Cfrac(4)) (13%) and less–labile fraction (Cfrac(3)) (7%). Notably, higher passive C–pool in conservation tillage practices over CTTPR–CT suggests that conservation tillage could stabilize the recalcitrant form of carbon that persists longer in the soil. Meantime, zero–till crop establishment treatments had higher (p < 0.05) water stable macro–aggregates, macro–aggregates: micro–aggregates ratio and aggregate carbon content over CTTPR–CT. The treatment NPTPR–ZT significantly increased soil quality parameters over CTTPR–CT. However, the effect was not as prominent as that of ZTTPR–ZT and ZTDSR–ZT. Retention of crop residue increased (p < 0.05) TOC (12%) and soil available nutrients mainly available–P (16%), followed by available–K (12%), DTPA–extractable Zn (11%), and available–S (6%) over residue removal treatment. The constructive changes in soil properties following conservation tillage and crop residue retention led to increased crop productivity over conventional CTTPR–CT. Therefore, conservation tillage (particularly ZTTPR–ZT and ZTDSR–ZT) and crop residue retention could be recommended in tropical rice–based cropping systems for improving soil quality and production sustainability.
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spelling pubmed-63580442019-04-15 Impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients Nandan, Rajiv Singh, Vikram Singh, Sati Shankar Kumar, Virender Hazra, Kali Krishna Nath, Chaitanya Prasad Poonia, Shishpal Malik, Ram Kanwar Bhattacharyya, Ranjan McDonald, Andrew Geoderma Article Tillage intensive cropping practices have deteriorated soil physical quality and decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) levels in rice–growing areas of South Asia. Consequently, crop productivity has declined over the years demonstrating the need for sustainable alternatives. Given that, a field experiment was conducted for six years to assess the impact of four tillage based crop establishment treatments [puddled transplant rice followed by conventional tillage in wheat/maize (CTTPR–CT), non–puddled transplant rice followed by zero–tillage in wheat/maize (NPTPR–ZT), zero–till transplant rice followed by zero–tillage in wheat/maize (ZTTPR–ZT), zero–tillage direct seeded rice followed by zero–tillage in wheat/maize (ZTDSR–ZT)], two residue management treatments [residue removal, residue retention (~33%)], and two cropping systems [rice–wheat, rice–maize] on soil aggregation, carbon pools, nutrient availability, and crop productivity. After six years of rotation, in top 0.2 m soil depth, zero–till crop establishment treatments (ZTTPR–ZT and ZTDSR–ZT) had higher (p < 0.05) total organic carbon (TOC) over conventional tillage treatment (CTTPR–CT). Zero–till crop establishment treatments increased very–labile C faction (Cfrac(1)) by 21% followed by labile fraction (Cfrac(2)) (16%), non–labile fraction (Cfrac(4)) (13%) and less–labile fraction (Cfrac(3)) (7%). Notably, higher passive C–pool in conservation tillage practices over CTTPR–CT suggests that conservation tillage could stabilize the recalcitrant form of carbon that persists longer in the soil. Meantime, zero–till crop establishment treatments had higher (p < 0.05) water stable macro–aggregates, macro–aggregates: micro–aggregates ratio and aggregate carbon content over CTTPR–CT. The treatment NPTPR–ZT significantly increased soil quality parameters over CTTPR–CT. However, the effect was not as prominent as that of ZTTPR–ZT and ZTDSR–ZT. Retention of crop residue increased (p < 0.05) TOC (12%) and soil available nutrients mainly available–P (16%), followed by available–K (12%), DTPA–extractable Zn (11%), and available–S (6%) over residue removal treatment. The constructive changes in soil properties following conservation tillage and crop residue retention led to increased crop productivity over conventional CTTPR–CT. Therefore, conservation tillage (particularly ZTTPR–ZT and ZTDSR–ZT) and crop residue retention could be recommended in tropical rice–based cropping systems for improving soil quality and production sustainability. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2019-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6358044/ /pubmed/30996398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.01.001 Text en © 2019 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nandan, Rajiv
Singh, Vikram
Singh, Sati Shankar
Kumar, Virender
Hazra, Kali Krishna
Nath, Chaitanya Prasad
Poonia, Shishpal
Malik, Ram Kanwar
Bhattacharyya, Ranjan
McDonald, Andrew
Impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients
title Impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients
title_full Impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients
title_fullStr Impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients
title_full_unstemmed Impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients
title_short Impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients
title_sort impact of conservation tillage in rice–based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6358044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30996398
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.01.001
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