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Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside

Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis of the most common cancers in men and women. Bone metastasis incidence has been steadily increasing over the years, mainly because of higher life expectancy in oncologic patients. Although bone metastases are sometimes asymptomatic, their consequences are...

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Autores principales: Aielli, Federica, Ponzetti, Marco, Rucci, Nadia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359191/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30641973
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020280
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author Aielli, Federica
Ponzetti, Marco
Rucci, Nadia
author_facet Aielli, Federica
Ponzetti, Marco
Rucci, Nadia
author_sort Aielli, Federica
collection PubMed
description Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis of the most common cancers in men and women. Bone metastasis incidence has been steadily increasing over the years, mainly because of higher life expectancy in oncologic patients. Although bone metastases are sometimes asymptomatic, their consequences are most often devastating, impairing both life quality and expectancy, due to the occurrence of the skeletal-related events, including bone fractures, hypercalcemia and spinal cord compression. Up to 75% of patients endure crippling cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP), against which we have very few weapons. This review’s purpose is to discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to CIBP, including how cancer cells convert the bone “virtuous cycle” into a cancer-fuelling “vicious cycle”, and how this leads to the release of molecular mediators of pain, including protons, neurotrophins, interleukins, chemokines and ATP. Preclinical tests and assays to evaluate CIBP, including the incapacitance tester (in vivo), and neuron/glial activation in the dorsal root ganglia/spinal cord (ex vivo) will also be presented. Furthermore, current therapeutic options for CIBP are quite limited and nonspecific and they will also be discussed, along with up-and-coming options that may render CIBP easier to treat and let patients forget they are patients.
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spelling pubmed-63591912019-02-06 Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside Aielli, Federica Ponzetti, Marco Rucci, Nadia Int J Mol Sci Review Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis of the most common cancers in men and women. Bone metastasis incidence has been steadily increasing over the years, mainly because of higher life expectancy in oncologic patients. Although bone metastases are sometimes asymptomatic, their consequences are most often devastating, impairing both life quality and expectancy, due to the occurrence of the skeletal-related events, including bone fractures, hypercalcemia and spinal cord compression. Up to 75% of patients endure crippling cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP), against which we have very few weapons. This review’s purpose is to discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to CIBP, including how cancer cells convert the bone “virtuous cycle” into a cancer-fuelling “vicious cycle”, and how this leads to the release of molecular mediators of pain, including protons, neurotrophins, interleukins, chemokines and ATP. Preclinical tests and assays to evaluate CIBP, including the incapacitance tester (in vivo), and neuron/glial activation in the dorsal root ganglia/spinal cord (ex vivo) will also be presented. Furthermore, current therapeutic options for CIBP are quite limited and nonspecific and they will also be discussed, along with up-and-coming options that may render CIBP easier to treat and let patients forget they are patients. MDPI 2019-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6359191/ /pubmed/30641973 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020280 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Aielli, Federica
Ponzetti, Marco
Rucci, Nadia
Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside
title Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside
title_full Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside
title_fullStr Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside
title_full_unstemmed Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside
title_short Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside
title_sort bone metastasis pain, from the bench to the bedside
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359191/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30641973
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020280
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