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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. They are involved in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ remodelling in virtually all tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). They are secreted by a...

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Autores principales: Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste, Scalia, Federica, Marino Gammazza, Antonella, Carlisi, Daniela, Bucchieri, Fabio, Conway de Macario, Everly, Macario, Alberto J. L., Cappello, Francesco, Campanella, Claudia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359416/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30669512
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020434
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author Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste
Scalia, Federica
Marino Gammazza, Antonella
Carlisi, Daniela
Bucchieri, Fabio
Conway de Macario, Everly
Macario, Alberto J. L.
Cappello, Francesco
Campanella, Claudia
author_facet Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste
Scalia, Federica
Marino Gammazza, Antonella
Carlisi, Daniela
Bucchieri, Fabio
Conway de Macario, Everly
Macario, Alberto J. L.
Cappello, Francesco
Campanella, Claudia
author_sort Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. They are involved in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ remodelling in virtually all tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). They are secreted by a range of cell types and via blood reaching other cells whose functioning they can modify because they transport and deliver active molecules, such as proteins of various types and functions, lipids, DNA, and miRNAs. Since they are relatively easy to isolate, exosomes can be characterized, and their composition elucidated and manipulated by bioengineering techniques. Consequently, exosomes appear as promising theranostics elements, applicable to accurately diagnosing pathological conditions, and assessing prognosis and response to treatment in a variety of disorders. Likewise, the characteristics and manageability of exosomes make them potential candidates for delivering selected molecules, e.g., therapeutic drugs, to specific target tissues. All these possible applications are pertinent to research in neurophysiology, as well as to the study of neurological disorders, including CNS tumors, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. In this brief review, we discuss what is known about the role and potential future applications of exosomes in the nervous system and its diseases, focusing on cell–cell communication in physiology and pathology.
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spelling pubmed-63594162019-02-06 Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste Scalia, Federica Marino Gammazza, Antonella Carlisi, Daniela Bucchieri, Fabio Conway de Macario, Everly Macario, Alberto J. L. Cappello, Francesco Campanella, Claudia Int J Mol Sci Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. They are involved in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ remodelling in virtually all tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). They are secreted by a range of cell types and via blood reaching other cells whose functioning they can modify because they transport and deliver active molecules, such as proteins of various types and functions, lipids, DNA, and miRNAs. Since they are relatively easy to isolate, exosomes can be characterized, and their composition elucidated and manipulated by bioengineering techniques. Consequently, exosomes appear as promising theranostics elements, applicable to accurately diagnosing pathological conditions, and assessing prognosis and response to treatment in a variety of disorders. Likewise, the characteristics and manageability of exosomes make them potential candidates for delivering selected molecules, e.g., therapeutic drugs, to specific target tissues. All these possible applications are pertinent to research in neurophysiology, as well as to the study of neurological disorders, including CNS tumors, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. In this brief review, we discuss what is known about the role and potential future applications of exosomes in the nervous system and its diseases, focusing on cell–cell communication in physiology and pathology. MDPI 2019-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6359416/ /pubmed/30669512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020434 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste
Scalia, Federica
Marino Gammazza, Antonella
Carlisi, Daniela
Bucchieri, Fabio
Conway de Macario, Everly
Macario, Alberto J. L.
Cappello, Francesco
Campanella, Claudia
Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases
title Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases
title_full Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases
title_fullStr Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases
title_short Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases
title_sort extracellular vesicle-mediated cell–cell communication in the nervous system: focus on neurological diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359416/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30669512
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020434
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