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Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems

Theranostics has emerged in recent years to provide an efficient and safer alternative in cancer management. This review presents an updated description of nanotheranostic formulations under development for skin cancer (including melanoma), head and neck, thyroid, breast, gynecologic, prostate, and...

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Autores principales: Silva, Catarina Oliveira, Pinho, Jacinta Oliveira, Lopes, Joana Margarida, Almeida, António J., Gaspar, Maria Manuela, Reis, Catarina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359642/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30625999
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11010022
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author Silva, Catarina Oliveira
Pinho, Jacinta Oliveira
Lopes, Joana Margarida
Almeida, António J.
Gaspar, Maria Manuela
Reis, Catarina
author_facet Silva, Catarina Oliveira
Pinho, Jacinta Oliveira
Lopes, Joana Margarida
Almeida, António J.
Gaspar, Maria Manuela
Reis, Catarina
author_sort Silva, Catarina Oliveira
collection PubMed
description Theranostics has emerged in recent years to provide an efficient and safer alternative in cancer management. This review presents an updated description of nanotheranostic formulations under development for skin cancer (including melanoma), head and neck, thyroid, breast, gynecologic, prostate, and colon cancers, brain-related cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. With this focus, we appraised the clinical advantages and drawbacks of metallic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanosystems, such as low invasiveness, low toxicity to the surrounding healthy tissues, high precision, deeper tissue penetration, and dosage adjustment in a real-time setting. Particularly recognizing the increased complexity and multimodality in this area, multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles, comprising different nanomaterials and functionalized with targeting moieties and/or anticancer drugs, present the best characteristics for theranostics. Several examples, focusing on their design, composition, imaging and treatment modalities, and in vitro and in vivo characterization, are detailed herein. Briefly, all studies followed a common trend in the design of these theranostics modalities, such as the use of materials and/or drugs that share both inherent imaging (e.g., contrast agents) and therapeutic properties (e.g., heating or production reactive oxygen species). This rationale allows one to apparently overcome the heterogeneity, complexity, and harsh conditions of tumor microenvironments, leading to the development of successful targeted therapies.
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spelling pubmed-63596422019-02-14 Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems Silva, Catarina Oliveira Pinho, Jacinta Oliveira Lopes, Joana Margarida Almeida, António J. Gaspar, Maria Manuela Reis, Catarina Pharmaceutics Review Theranostics has emerged in recent years to provide an efficient and safer alternative in cancer management. This review presents an updated description of nanotheranostic formulations under development for skin cancer (including melanoma), head and neck, thyroid, breast, gynecologic, prostate, and colon cancers, brain-related cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. With this focus, we appraised the clinical advantages and drawbacks of metallic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanosystems, such as low invasiveness, low toxicity to the surrounding healthy tissues, high precision, deeper tissue penetration, and dosage adjustment in a real-time setting. Particularly recognizing the increased complexity and multimodality in this area, multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles, comprising different nanomaterials and functionalized with targeting moieties and/or anticancer drugs, present the best characteristics for theranostics. Several examples, focusing on their design, composition, imaging and treatment modalities, and in vitro and in vivo characterization, are detailed herein. Briefly, all studies followed a common trend in the design of these theranostics modalities, such as the use of materials and/or drugs that share both inherent imaging (e.g., contrast agents) and therapeutic properties (e.g., heating or production reactive oxygen species). This rationale allows one to apparently overcome the heterogeneity, complexity, and harsh conditions of tumor microenvironments, leading to the development of successful targeted therapies. MDPI 2019-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6359642/ /pubmed/30625999 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11010022 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Silva, Catarina Oliveira
Pinho, Jacinta Oliveira
Lopes, Joana Margarida
Almeida, António J.
Gaspar, Maria Manuela
Reis, Catarina
Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems
title Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems
title_full Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems
title_fullStr Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems
title_full_unstemmed Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems
title_short Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems
title_sort current trends in cancer nanotheranostics: metallic, polymeric, and lipid-based systems
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359642/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30625999
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11010022
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