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Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen–Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways

Queen loss or failure is an important cause of honey bee colony loss. A functional queen is essential to a colony, and the queen is predicted to be well protected by worker bees and other mechanisms of social immunity. Nevertheless, several honey bee pathogens (including viruses) can infect queens....

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Autores principales: Amiri, Esmaeil, Seddon, Gregory, Zuluaga Smith, Wendy, Strand, Micheline K., Tarpy, David R., Rueppell, Olav
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30626038
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10010009
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author Amiri, Esmaeil
Seddon, Gregory
Zuluaga Smith, Wendy
Strand, Micheline K.
Tarpy, David R.
Rueppell, Olav
author_facet Amiri, Esmaeil
Seddon, Gregory
Zuluaga Smith, Wendy
Strand, Micheline K.
Tarpy, David R.
Rueppell, Olav
author_sort Amiri, Esmaeil
collection PubMed
description Queen loss or failure is an important cause of honey bee colony loss. A functional queen is essential to a colony, and the queen is predicted to be well protected by worker bees and other mechanisms of social immunity. Nevertheless, several honey bee pathogens (including viruses) can infect queens. Here, we report a series of experiments to test how virus infection influences queen–worker interactions and the consequences for virus transmission. We used Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) as an experimental pathogen because it is relevant to bee health but is not omnipresent. Queens were observed spending 50% of their time with healthy workers, 32% with infected workers, and 18% without interaction. However, the overall bias toward healthy workers was not statistically significant, and there was considerable individual to individual variability. We found that physical contact between infected workers and queens leads to high queen infection in some cases, suggesting that IAPV infections also spread through close bodily contact. Across experiments, queens exhibited lower IAPV titers than surrounding workers. Thus, our results indicate that honey bee queens are better protected by individual and social immunity, but this protection is insufficient to prevent IAPV infections completely.
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spelling pubmed-63596742019-02-12 Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen–Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways Amiri, Esmaeil Seddon, Gregory Zuluaga Smith, Wendy Strand, Micheline K. Tarpy, David R. Rueppell, Olav Insects Article Queen loss or failure is an important cause of honey bee colony loss. A functional queen is essential to a colony, and the queen is predicted to be well protected by worker bees and other mechanisms of social immunity. Nevertheless, several honey bee pathogens (including viruses) can infect queens. Here, we report a series of experiments to test how virus infection influences queen–worker interactions and the consequences for virus transmission. We used Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) as an experimental pathogen because it is relevant to bee health but is not omnipresent. Queens were observed spending 50% of their time with healthy workers, 32% with infected workers, and 18% without interaction. However, the overall bias toward healthy workers was not statistically significant, and there was considerable individual to individual variability. We found that physical contact between infected workers and queens leads to high queen infection in some cases, suggesting that IAPV infections also spread through close bodily contact. Across experiments, queens exhibited lower IAPV titers than surrounding workers. Thus, our results indicate that honey bee queens are better protected by individual and social immunity, but this protection is insufficient to prevent IAPV infections completely. MDPI 2019-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6359674/ /pubmed/30626038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10010009 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Amiri, Esmaeil
Seddon, Gregory
Zuluaga Smith, Wendy
Strand, Micheline K.
Tarpy, David R.
Rueppell, Olav
Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen–Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways
title Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen–Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways
title_full Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen–Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways
title_fullStr Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen–Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways
title_full_unstemmed Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen–Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways
title_short Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Honey Bee Queen–Worker Interaction and Potential Virus Transmission Pathways
title_sort israeli acute paralysis virus: honey bee queen–worker interaction and potential virus transmission pathways
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30626038
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10010009
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