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Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue

Increased physical activity is an optimal way to maintain a good health. During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FAs) which are then released to the circulation, providing a fuel for working muscles. Thus, regular physical activit...

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Autores principales: Mika, Adriana, Macaluso, Filippo, Barone, Rosario, Di Felice, Valentina, Sledzinski, Tomasz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6360148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30745881
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00026
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author Mika, Adriana
Macaluso, Filippo
Barone, Rosario
Di Felice, Valentina
Sledzinski, Tomasz
author_facet Mika, Adriana
Macaluso, Filippo
Barone, Rosario
Di Felice, Valentina
Sledzinski, Tomasz
author_sort Mika, Adriana
collection PubMed
description Increased physical activity is an optimal way to maintain a good health. During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FAs) which are then released to the circulation, providing a fuel for working muscles. Thus, regular physical activity leads to a reduction of adipose tissue mass and improves metabolism. However, the reduction of lipid reservoir is also associated with many other interesting changes in adipose tissue FA metabolism. For example, a prolonged exercise contributes to a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity and resultant reduction of FA uptake. This results in the improvement of mitochondrial function and upregulation of enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The exercise-induced changes in adipocyte metabolism are associated with modifications of FA composition. The modifications are adipose tissue depot-specific and follow different patterns in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Moreover, exercise affects adipokine release from adipose tissue, and thus, may mitigate inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity. Another consequence of exercise is the recently described phenomenon of adipose tissue “beiging,” i.e., a switch from energy-storing white adipocyte phenotype to thermogenic FA oxidizing beige adipocytes. This process is regulated by myokines released during the exercise. In this review, we summarize published evidence for the exercise-related changes in FA metabolism and adipokine release in adipose tissue, and their potential contribution to beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic effects of physical activity.
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spelling pubmed-63601482019-02-11 Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue Mika, Adriana Macaluso, Filippo Barone, Rosario Di Felice, Valentina Sledzinski, Tomasz Front Physiol Physiology Increased physical activity is an optimal way to maintain a good health. During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FAs) which are then released to the circulation, providing a fuel for working muscles. Thus, regular physical activity leads to a reduction of adipose tissue mass and improves metabolism. However, the reduction of lipid reservoir is also associated with many other interesting changes in adipose tissue FA metabolism. For example, a prolonged exercise contributes to a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity and resultant reduction of FA uptake. This results in the improvement of mitochondrial function and upregulation of enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The exercise-induced changes in adipocyte metabolism are associated with modifications of FA composition. The modifications are adipose tissue depot-specific and follow different patterns in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Moreover, exercise affects adipokine release from adipose tissue, and thus, may mitigate inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity. Another consequence of exercise is the recently described phenomenon of adipose tissue “beiging,” i.e., a switch from energy-storing white adipocyte phenotype to thermogenic FA oxidizing beige adipocytes. This process is regulated by myokines released during the exercise. In this review, we summarize published evidence for the exercise-related changes in FA metabolism and adipokine release in adipose tissue, and their potential contribution to beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic effects of physical activity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6360148/ /pubmed/30745881 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00026 Text en Copyright © 2019 Mika, Macaluso, Barone, Di Felice and Sledzinski. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Mika, Adriana
Macaluso, Filippo
Barone, Rosario
Di Felice, Valentina
Sledzinski, Tomasz
Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue
title Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue
title_full Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue
title_fullStr Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue
title_short Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue
title_sort effect of exercise on fatty acid metabolism and adipokine secretion in adipose tissue
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6360148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30745881
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00026
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