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Connexin and Pannexin-Based Channels in Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Brain Health and Disease

Oligodendrocytes are the myelin forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to this main physiological function, these cells play key roles by providing energy substrates to neurons as well as information required to sustain proper synaptic transmission and plasticity at the CNS....

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Autores principales: Vejar, Sebastián, Oyarzún, Juan E., Retamal, Mauricio A., Ortiz, Fernando C., Orellana, Juan A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6361860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30760982
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00003
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author Vejar, Sebastián
Oyarzún, Juan E.
Retamal, Mauricio A.
Ortiz, Fernando C.
Orellana, Juan A.
author_facet Vejar, Sebastián
Oyarzún, Juan E.
Retamal, Mauricio A.
Ortiz, Fernando C.
Orellana, Juan A.
author_sort Vejar, Sebastián
collection PubMed
description Oligodendrocytes are the myelin forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to this main physiological function, these cells play key roles by providing energy substrates to neurons as well as information required to sustain proper synaptic transmission and plasticity at the CNS. The latter requires a fine coordinated intercellular communication with neurons and other glial cell types, including astrocytes. In mammals, tissue synchronization is mainly mediated by connexins and pannexins, two protein families that underpin the communication among neighboring cells through the formation of different plasma membrane channels. At one end, gap junction channels (GJCs; which are exclusively formed by connexins in vertebrates) connect the cytoplasm of contacting cells allowing electrical and metabolic coupling. At the other end, hemichannels and pannexons (which are formed by connexins and pannexins, respectively) communicate the intra- and extracellular compartments, serving as diffusion pathways of ions and small molecules. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge about the expression and function of hemichannels, pannexons and GJCs in oligodendrocytes, as well as the evidence regarding the possible role of these channels in metabolic and synaptic functions at the CNS. In particular, we focus on oligodendrocyte-astrocyte coupling during axon metabolic support and its implications in brain health and disease.
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spelling pubmed-63618602019-02-13 Connexin and Pannexin-Based Channels in Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Brain Health and Disease Vejar, Sebastián Oyarzún, Juan E. Retamal, Mauricio A. Ortiz, Fernando C. Orellana, Juan A. Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Oligodendrocytes are the myelin forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to this main physiological function, these cells play key roles by providing energy substrates to neurons as well as information required to sustain proper synaptic transmission and plasticity at the CNS. The latter requires a fine coordinated intercellular communication with neurons and other glial cell types, including astrocytes. In mammals, tissue synchronization is mainly mediated by connexins and pannexins, two protein families that underpin the communication among neighboring cells through the formation of different plasma membrane channels. At one end, gap junction channels (GJCs; which are exclusively formed by connexins in vertebrates) connect the cytoplasm of contacting cells allowing electrical and metabolic coupling. At the other end, hemichannels and pannexons (which are formed by connexins and pannexins, respectively) communicate the intra- and extracellular compartments, serving as diffusion pathways of ions and small molecules. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge about the expression and function of hemichannels, pannexons and GJCs in oligodendrocytes, as well as the evidence regarding the possible role of these channels in metabolic and synaptic functions at the CNS. In particular, we focus on oligodendrocyte-astrocyte coupling during axon metabolic support and its implications in brain health and disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6361860/ /pubmed/30760982 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00003 Text en Copyright © 2019 Vejar, Oyarzún, Retamal, Ortiz and Orellana. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Vejar, Sebastián
Oyarzún, Juan E.
Retamal, Mauricio A.
Ortiz, Fernando C.
Orellana, Juan A.
Connexin and Pannexin-Based Channels in Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Brain Health and Disease
title Connexin and Pannexin-Based Channels in Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Brain Health and Disease
title_full Connexin and Pannexin-Based Channels in Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Brain Health and Disease
title_fullStr Connexin and Pannexin-Based Channels in Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Brain Health and Disease
title_full_unstemmed Connexin and Pannexin-Based Channels in Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Brain Health and Disease
title_short Connexin and Pannexin-Based Channels in Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Brain Health and Disease
title_sort connexin and pannexin-based channels in oligodendrocytes: implications in brain health and disease
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6361860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30760982
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00003
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