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Skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups

Macaques (genus Macaca) are known to have wide variation in tail length. Within each species group tail length varies, which could be associated with a phylogenetic trend seen in caudal vertebral morphology. We compared numbers and lengths of caudal vertebrae in species of the fascicularis group, M....

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Autores principales: Wakamori, Hikaru, Hamada, Yuzuru
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6362266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30718761
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37963-z
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author Wakamori, Hikaru
Hamada, Yuzuru
author_facet Wakamori, Hikaru
Hamada, Yuzuru
author_sort Wakamori, Hikaru
collection PubMed
description Macaques (genus Macaca) are known to have wide variation in tail length. Within each species group tail length varies, which could be associated with a phylogenetic trend seen in caudal vertebral morphology. We compared numbers and lengths of caudal vertebrae in species of the fascicularis group, M. assamensis (sinica group), M. nemestrina (silenus group), and those obtained from reports for an additional 11 species. Our results suggest different trends in number and lengths. The caudal vertebral length profiles revealed upward convex patterns for macaques with relative tail lengths of ≥15%, and flat to decreasing for those with relative tail lengths of ≤12%. They varied between species groups in terms of the lengths of proximal vertebrae, position and length of the longest vertebra, numbers and lengths of distal vertebrae, and total number of vertebrae. In silenus and sinica group, the vertebral length is the major skeletal determinant of tail length. On the other hand, the vertebral number is the skeletal determinant of tail length in the fascicularis group. Tail length variation among species groups are caused by different mechanisms which reflect the evolutionary history of macaques.
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spelling pubmed-63622662019-02-07 Skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups Wakamori, Hikaru Hamada, Yuzuru Sci Rep Article Macaques (genus Macaca) are known to have wide variation in tail length. Within each species group tail length varies, which could be associated with a phylogenetic trend seen in caudal vertebral morphology. We compared numbers and lengths of caudal vertebrae in species of the fascicularis group, M. assamensis (sinica group), M. nemestrina (silenus group), and those obtained from reports for an additional 11 species. Our results suggest different trends in number and lengths. The caudal vertebral length profiles revealed upward convex patterns for macaques with relative tail lengths of ≥15%, and flat to decreasing for those with relative tail lengths of ≤12%. They varied between species groups in terms of the lengths of proximal vertebrae, position and length of the longest vertebra, numbers and lengths of distal vertebrae, and total number of vertebrae. In silenus and sinica group, the vertebral length is the major skeletal determinant of tail length. On the other hand, the vertebral number is the skeletal determinant of tail length in the fascicularis group. Tail length variation among species groups are caused by different mechanisms which reflect the evolutionary history of macaques. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6362266/ /pubmed/30718761 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37963-z Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Wakamori, Hikaru
Hamada, Yuzuru
Skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups
title Skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups
title_full Skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups
title_fullStr Skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups
title_full_unstemmed Skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups
title_short Skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups
title_sort skeletal determinants of tail length are different between macaque species groups
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6362266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30718761
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37963-z
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