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Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge
Anti N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder and is considered to be one of the most common causes of encephalitis in children. Despite the fact that around half of all reported cases are of children, the number of studies that report infants and toddlers is very...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6363247/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30805537 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2018.03.001 |
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author | Khundakji, Yasmin Masri, Amira Khuri-Bulos, Najwa |
author_facet | Khundakji, Yasmin Masri, Amira Khuri-Bulos, Najwa |
author_sort | Khundakji, Yasmin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anti N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder and is considered to be one of the most common causes of encephalitis in children. Despite the fact that around half of all reported cases are of children, the number of studies that report infants and toddlers is very small. Furthermore, reports on children from the Middle East particularly are extremely rare. We report a 21-month-old Jordanian female toddler with NMDAR encephalitis, who initially presented with behavioral changes and some autistic features. She presented a diagnostic challenge due to a concurrent urinary tract infection and gastroenteritis. Multiple investigations were conducted and she was treated with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) empirically as well as plasma exchange and rituximab once the diagnosis was confirmed. Her condition improved gradually. We discuss her clinical picture and the diagnostic challenges within this age group; we also review the current related literature. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6363247 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63632472019-02-25 Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge Khundakji, Yasmin Masri, Amira Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med Instructive Case Anti N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder and is considered to be one of the most common causes of encephalitis in children. Despite the fact that around half of all reported cases are of children, the number of studies that report infants and toddlers is very small. Furthermore, reports on children from the Middle East particularly are extremely rare. We report a 21-month-old Jordanian female toddler with NMDAR encephalitis, who initially presented with behavioral changes and some autistic features. She presented a diagnostic challenge due to a concurrent urinary tract infection and gastroenteritis. Multiple investigations were conducted and she was treated with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) empirically as well as plasma exchange and rituximab once the diagnosis was confirmed. Her condition improved gradually. We discuss her clinical picture and the diagnostic challenges within this age group; we also review the current related literature. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre 2018-06 2018-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6363247/ /pubmed/30805537 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2018.03.001 Text en © 2018 Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (General Organization), Saudi Arabia. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Instructive Case Khundakji, Yasmin Masri, Amira Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge |
title | Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge |
title_full | Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge |
title_fullStr | Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge |
title_full_unstemmed | Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge |
title_short | Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge |
title_sort | anti-nmda receptor encephalitis in a toddler: a diagnostic challenge |
topic | Instructive Case |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6363247/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30805537 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2018.03.001 |
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