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Expertise Modulates Students’ Perception of Pain From a Self-Perspective: Quasi-Experimental Study

BACKGROUND: Perception of stimuli presented in a virtual dentistry environment affects regions of the brain that are related to pain perception. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether neural correlates of virtual pain perception are affected by education in dentistry. METHODS: In this functional magneti...

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Autores principales: Said Yekta-Michael, Sareh, Schüppen, André, Gaebler, Arnim Johannes, Ellrich, Jens, Koten, Jan Willem
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JMIR Publications 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6364199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30674449
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10885
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author Said Yekta-Michael, Sareh
Schüppen, André
Gaebler, Arnim Johannes
Ellrich, Jens
Koten, Jan Willem
author_facet Said Yekta-Michael, Sareh
Schüppen, André
Gaebler, Arnim Johannes
Ellrich, Jens
Koten, Jan Willem
author_sort Said Yekta-Michael, Sareh
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Perception of stimuli presented in a virtual dentistry environment affects regions of the brain that are related to pain perception. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether neural correlates of virtual pain perception are affected by education in dentistry. METHODS: In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, a sample of 20 dental students and 20 age-matched controls viewed and listened to video clips presenting a dental treatment from the first‐person perspective. An anxiety questionnaire was used to assess the level of dental anxiety. Neural correlates of pain perception were investigated through classic general linear model analysis and in-house classification methods. RESULTS: Dental students and naïve controls exhibited similar anxiety levels for invasive stimuli. Invasive dentistry scenes evoked a less affective component of pain in dental students compared with naïve controls (P<.001). Reduced affective pain perception went along with suppressed brain activity in pain matrix regions including the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and basal ganglia. Furthermore, a substantial reduction of brain activity was observed in motor-related regions, particularly the supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and basal ganglia. Within this context, a classifier analysis based on neural activity in the nucleus lentiformis could identify dental students and controls on the individual subject level in 85% of the cases (34 out of 40 participants, sensitivity=90%, specificity=80%). CONCLUSIONS: Virtual dental treatment activates pain-related brain regions in controls. By contrast, dental students suppress affective and motor-related aspects of pain. We speculate that dental students learn to control motoric aspects of pain perception during their education because it is a prerequisite for the professional manual treatment of patients. We discuss that a specific set of learning mechanisms might affect perceived self-efficacy of dental students, which in turn might reduce their affective component of pain perception.
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spelling pubmed-63641992019-02-27 Expertise Modulates Students’ Perception of Pain From a Self-Perspective: Quasi-Experimental Study Said Yekta-Michael, Sareh Schüppen, André Gaebler, Arnim Johannes Ellrich, Jens Koten, Jan Willem J Med Internet Res Original Paper BACKGROUND: Perception of stimuli presented in a virtual dentistry environment affects regions of the brain that are related to pain perception. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether neural correlates of virtual pain perception are affected by education in dentistry. METHODS: In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, a sample of 20 dental students and 20 age-matched controls viewed and listened to video clips presenting a dental treatment from the first‐person perspective. An anxiety questionnaire was used to assess the level of dental anxiety. Neural correlates of pain perception were investigated through classic general linear model analysis and in-house classification methods. RESULTS: Dental students and naïve controls exhibited similar anxiety levels for invasive stimuli. Invasive dentistry scenes evoked a less affective component of pain in dental students compared with naïve controls (P<.001). Reduced affective pain perception went along with suppressed brain activity in pain matrix regions including the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and basal ganglia. Furthermore, a substantial reduction of brain activity was observed in motor-related regions, particularly the supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and basal ganglia. Within this context, a classifier analysis based on neural activity in the nucleus lentiformis could identify dental students and controls on the individual subject level in 85% of the cases (34 out of 40 participants, sensitivity=90%, specificity=80%). CONCLUSIONS: Virtual dental treatment activates pain-related brain regions in controls. By contrast, dental students suppress affective and motor-related aspects of pain. We speculate that dental students learn to control motoric aspects of pain perception during their education because it is a prerequisite for the professional manual treatment of patients. We discuss that a specific set of learning mechanisms might affect perceived self-efficacy of dental students, which in turn might reduce their affective component of pain perception. JMIR Publications 2019-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6364199/ /pubmed/30674449 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10885 Text en ©Sareh Said Yekta-Michael, André Schüppen, Arnim Johannes Gaebler, Jens Ellrich, Jan Willem Koten. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 23.01.2019. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Said Yekta-Michael, Sareh
Schüppen, André
Gaebler, Arnim Johannes
Ellrich, Jens
Koten, Jan Willem
Expertise Modulates Students’ Perception of Pain From a Self-Perspective: Quasi-Experimental Study
title Expertise Modulates Students’ Perception of Pain From a Self-Perspective: Quasi-Experimental Study
title_full Expertise Modulates Students’ Perception of Pain From a Self-Perspective: Quasi-Experimental Study
title_fullStr Expertise Modulates Students’ Perception of Pain From a Self-Perspective: Quasi-Experimental Study
title_full_unstemmed Expertise Modulates Students’ Perception of Pain From a Self-Perspective: Quasi-Experimental Study
title_short Expertise Modulates Students’ Perception of Pain From a Self-Perspective: Quasi-Experimental Study
title_sort expertise modulates students’ perception of pain from a self-perspective: quasi-experimental study
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6364199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30674449
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10885
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