Evaluation of stress distribution in bone and three-unit fixed implant-supported prostheses with zirconia and titanium abutments: A 3D finite element analysis

Background. For esthetic considerations in anterior regions, abutments with high-strength ceramics such as alumina and zirconia have been developed as substitutes for titanium abutments. The present study was designed to investigate the distribution of stress in prosthesis and bone components of an implant-supported FPD with different abutments by using 3D finite element analysis. Methods. Ceramic FPDs were made from the canine to the upper left second premolar with titanium fixtures. In order to investigate the stress distribution, forces of 100 and 300 N were applied at angles of 0, 15 and 35 degrees to the central fossa of the second premolar and pontic, as well as the cingulum of the canine crown. Force loading was static. After analyzing the mechanical properties of the materials, boundary conditions and loading were performed according to the existing averages, and subsequently, the results obtained from this analysis were analyzed. Results. The highest level of stress was observed in the distal crest of the posterior implant (23.20 MPa) under lateral forces (15 and 35 degrees) in a model with both titanium abutments. Conclusion. Lateral forces induced higher accumulation of stress in the implant and surrounding bone, while abutment change did not affect the distribution of stress.