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The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation

Despite the vast amount of research focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the effects of extrinsic motivators on creativity and innovation have been scarcely investigated. Extrinsic factors can be seen as synergistic extrinsic motivators when they have a positive effect on the outcome. The...

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Autores principales: Fischer, Carmen, Malycha, Charlotte P., Schafmann, Ernestine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6369195/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30778313
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00137
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author Fischer, Carmen
Malycha, Charlotte P.
Schafmann, Ernestine
author_facet Fischer, Carmen
Malycha, Charlotte P.
Schafmann, Ernestine
author_sort Fischer, Carmen
collection PubMed
description Despite the vast amount of research focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the effects of extrinsic motivators on creativity and innovation have been scarcely investigated. Extrinsic factors can be seen as synergistic extrinsic motivators when they have a positive effect on the outcome. The present study investigates synergistic extrinsic motivators that organizations can use to foster creativity and innovation of their intrinsically motivated knowledge workers. The analysis is based on Amabile and Pratt’s dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations combined with elements from Ryan and Deci’s self-determination theory. The quantitative data stemmed from 90 knowledge workers of an international consulting company who participated in an online self-assessment. In exploratory factor analyses, extrinsic motivation items consolidated two factors “relational rewards” and “transactional rewards”, while creativity and innovation items resulted in a one-factor solution, called “creativity/innovation performance”. The results of hierarchical regression analyses confirmed the widely found positive effects of intrinsic motivation on creative and innovative performance. Moreover, the results supported the hypothesis that the extrinsic motivator, relational rewards, moderated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity/innovation performance significantly and positively. The findings showed the higher the perceived probability of receiving relational rewards and the higher the intrinsic motivation, the greater the positive effect on creative/innovative outcomes. At the same time, the results did not confirm the hypothesis, that the moderator transactional rewards had a statistically significant effect on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creative/innovative performance. Finally, the empirical evidence provided practical implications on how to stimulate the creativity/innovation performance of knowledge workers within organizations.
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spelling pubmed-63691952019-02-18 The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation Fischer, Carmen Malycha, Charlotte P. Schafmann, Ernestine Front Psychol Psychology Despite the vast amount of research focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the effects of extrinsic motivators on creativity and innovation have been scarcely investigated. Extrinsic factors can be seen as synergistic extrinsic motivators when they have a positive effect on the outcome. The present study investigates synergistic extrinsic motivators that organizations can use to foster creativity and innovation of their intrinsically motivated knowledge workers. The analysis is based on Amabile and Pratt’s dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations combined with elements from Ryan and Deci’s self-determination theory. The quantitative data stemmed from 90 knowledge workers of an international consulting company who participated in an online self-assessment. In exploratory factor analyses, extrinsic motivation items consolidated two factors “relational rewards” and “transactional rewards”, while creativity and innovation items resulted in a one-factor solution, called “creativity/innovation performance”. The results of hierarchical regression analyses confirmed the widely found positive effects of intrinsic motivation on creative and innovative performance. Moreover, the results supported the hypothesis that the extrinsic motivator, relational rewards, moderated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity/innovation performance significantly and positively. The findings showed the higher the perceived probability of receiving relational rewards and the higher the intrinsic motivation, the greater the positive effect on creative/innovative outcomes. At the same time, the results did not confirm the hypothesis, that the moderator transactional rewards had a statistically significant effect on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creative/innovative performance. Finally, the empirical evidence provided practical implications on how to stimulate the creativity/innovation performance of knowledge workers within organizations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6369195/ /pubmed/30778313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00137 Text en Copyright © 2019 Fischer, Malycha and Schafmann. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Fischer, Carmen
Malycha, Charlotte P.
Schafmann, Ernestine
The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation
title The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation
title_full The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation
title_fullStr The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation
title_full_unstemmed The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation
title_short The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation
title_sort influence of intrinsic motivation and synergistic extrinsic motivators on creativity and innovation
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6369195/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30778313
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00137
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