Intravenous leiomyomatosis with different surgical approaches: Three case reports

BACKGROUND: Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare and complicated disease, which requires surgery by a multidisciplinary team. However, the optimal surgical approach has not been determined. CASE SUMMARY: Here we report three cases of IVL treated with different surgical approaches. All patients presented with circulation symptoms. Two patients had lower extremity edema and the other had cardiopalmus. The diagnosis of IVL was confirmed based on the imagining examinations and pathological findings. All patients underwent surgical treatment and were discharged without any complications. CONCLUSION: Preoperative examination is crucial for surgical planning and surgical approach is dependent on the patient’s condition and tumor involvement.