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Diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes
BACKGROUND: The pharyngeal arches are a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head of vertebrate embryos, and it is within these segments that components of the later anatomy are laid down. In most vertebrates, the post-otic pharyngeal arches will form the branchial apparatus, while i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6369561/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30788138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0123-5 |
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author | Poopalasundaram, Subathra Richardson, Jo Scott, Annabelle Donovan, Alex Liu, Karen Graham, Anthony |
author_facet | Poopalasundaram, Subathra Richardson, Jo Scott, Annabelle Donovan, Alex Liu, Karen Graham, Anthony |
author_sort | Poopalasundaram, Subathra |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The pharyngeal arches are a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head of vertebrate embryos, and it is within these segments that components of the later anatomy are laid down. In most vertebrates, the post-otic pharyngeal arches will form the branchial apparatus, while in amniotes these segments are believed to generate the larynx. It has been unclear how the development of these segments has been altered with the emergence of the amniotes. RESULTS: In this study, we examined the development of pharyngeal arches in amniotes and show that the post-otic pharyngeal arches in this clade are greatly diminished. We find that the post-otic segments do not undergo myogenesis or skeletogenesis, but are remodelled before these processes occur. We also find that nested DLX expression, which is a feature of all the pharyngeal arches in anamniotes, is associated with the anterior segments but less so with the posterior arches in amniotes. We further show that the posterior arches of the mouse embryo fail to properly delineate, which demonstrates the lack of function of these posterior segments in later development. CONCLUSION: In amniotes, there has been a loss of the ancestral “branchial” developmental programme that is a general feature of gnathostomes; myogenesis and skeletogenesis This is likely to have facilitated the emergence of the larynx as a new structure not constrained by the segmental organisation of the posterior pharyngeal region. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6369561 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63695612019-02-20 Diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes Poopalasundaram, Subathra Richardson, Jo Scott, Annabelle Donovan, Alex Liu, Karen Graham, Anthony Zoological Lett Research Article BACKGROUND: The pharyngeal arches are a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head of vertebrate embryos, and it is within these segments that components of the later anatomy are laid down. In most vertebrates, the post-otic pharyngeal arches will form the branchial apparatus, while in amniotes these segments are believed to generate the larynx. It has been unclear how the development of these segments has been altered with the emergence of the amniotes. RESULTS: In this study, we examined the development of pharyngeal arches in amniotes and show that the post-otic pharyngeal arches in this clade are greatly diminished. We find that the post-otic segments do not undergo myogenesis or skeletogenesis, but are remodelled before these processes occur. We also find that nested DLX expression, which is a feature of all the pharyngeal arches in anamniotes, is associated with the anterior segments but less so with the posterior arches in amniotes. We further show that the posterior arches of the mouse embryo fail to properly delineate, which demonstrates the lack of function of these posterior segments in later development. CONCLUSION: In amniotes, there has been a loss of the ancestral “branchial” developmental programme that is a general feature of gnathostomes; myogenesis and skeletogenesis This is likely to have facilitated the emergence of the larynx as a new structure not constrained by the segmental organisation of the posterior pharyngeal region. BioMed Central 2019-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6369561/ /pubmed/30788138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0123-5 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Poopalasundaram, Subathra Richardson, Jo Scott, Annabelle Donovan, Alex Liu, Karen Graham, Anthony Diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes |
title | Diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes |
title_full | Diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes |
title_fullStr | Diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes |
title_full_unstemmed | Diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes |
title_short | Diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes |
title_sort | diminution of pharyngeal segmentation and the evolution of the amniotes |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6369561/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30788138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0123-5 |
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