Relaxed skin tension line-oriented keystone-designed perforator island flaps considering the facial aesthetic unit concept for the coverage of small to moderate facial defects

A variety of reconstructive options including skin grafts, loco-regional flaps, and free flaps exist for the coverage of facial defects. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages. In this study, we present our experience with relaxed skin tension line (RSTL)-oriented, keystone-designed perforator island flap (KDPIF) reconstructions, in consideration of the facial aesthetic unit concept for coverage of small to moderate facial defects. Between May 2016 and February 2018, 17 patients (11 men and 6 women), with an average age of 63.53 years (range: 37–83 years) underwent KDPIF reconstructions to cover facial defects. We performed the KDPIF reconstructions in consideration of the RSTLs and facial aesthetic unit concept. We retrospectively reviewed the defect causes, locations, and sizes, and flap sizes, types, and survivals, as well as the complications. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated using the Harris 4-stage scale from 3 independent plastic surgeons’ point of view, and postoperative satisfactory surveys from all patients. All defects were successfully covered with KDPIF. The defect sizes varied from 1.5 × 1.5 cm(2) to 3 × 3.5 cm(2). The flap sizes varied from 1.5 × 3 cm(2) to 3 × 5.5 cm(2). All flaps fully survived and there were no postoperative complications. The average subjective patient satisfaction score was 8.29 (range: 7–10) and the objective cosmetic outcomes were favorable (fair, good, or excellent). Considering its simplicity and safety, the KDPIF is a good reconstruction option with few complications and high reproducibility. The RSTL-oriented KDPIF reconstruction is a good reconstructive option for covering small to moderate facial defects with superior aesthetic outcomes.