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The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes

Circoviruses (family Circoviridae) are small, non-enveloped viruses that have short, single-stranded DNA genomes. Circovirus sequences are frequently recovered in metagenomic investigations, indicating that these viruses are widespread, yet they remain relatively poorly understood. Endogenous circov...

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Autores principales: Dennis, Tristan P.W., de Souza, William Marciel, Marsile-Medun, Soledad, Singer, Joshua B., Wilson, Sam J., Gifford, Robert J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6372831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29601845
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2018.03.014
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author Dennis, Tristan P.W.
de Souza, William Marciel
Marsile-Medun, Soledad
Singer, Joshua B.
Wilson, Sam J.
Gifford, Robert J.
author_facet Dennis, Tristan P.W.
de Souza, William Marciel
Marsile-Medun, Soledad
Singer, Joshua B.
Wilson, Sam J.
Gifford, Robert J.
author_sort Dennis, Tristan P.W.
collection PubMed
description Circoviruses (family Circoviridae) are small, non-enveloped viruses that have short, single-stranded DNA genomes. Circovirus sequences are frequently recovered in metagenomic investigations, indicating that these viruses are widespread, yet they remain relatively poorly understood. Endogenous circoviral elements (CVe) are DNA sequences derived from circoviruses that occur in vertebrate genomes. CVe are a useful source of information about the biology and evolution of circoviruses. In this study, we screened 362 vertebrate genome assemblies in silico to generate a catalog of CVe loci. We identified a total of 179 CVe sequences, most of which have not been reported previously. We show that these CVe loci reflect at least 19 distinct germline integration events. We determine the structure of CVe loci, identifying some that show evidence of potential functionalization. We also identify orthologous copies of CVe in snakes, fish, birds, and mammals, allowing us to add new calibrations to the timeline of circovirus evolution. Finally, we observed that some ancient CVe group robustly with contemporary circoviruses in phylogenies, with all sequences within these groups being derived from the same host class or order, implying a hitherto underappreciated stability in circovirus-host relationships. The openly available dataset constructed in this investigation provides new insights into circovirus evolution, and can be used to facilitate further studies of circoviruses and CVe.
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spelling pubmed-63728312019-03-01 The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes Dennis, Tristan P.W. de Souza, William Marciel Marsile-Medun, Soledad Singer, Joshua B. Wilson, Sam J. Gifford, Robert J. Virus Res Article Circoviruses (family Circoviridae) are small, non-enveloped viruses that have short, single-stranded DNA genomes. Circovirus sequences are frequently recovered in metagenomic investigations, indicating that these viruses are widespread, yet they remain relatively poorly understood. Endogenous circoviral elements (CVe) are DNA sequences derived from circoviruses that occur in vertebrate genomes. CVe are a useful source of information about the biology and evolution of circoviruses. In this study, we screened 362 vertebrate genome assemblies in silico to generate a catalog of CVe loci. We identified a total of 179 CVe sequences, most of which have not been reported previously. We show that these CVe loci reflect at least 19 distinct germline integration events. We determine the structure of CVe loci, identifying some that show evidence of potential functionalization. We also identify orthologous copies of CVe in snakes, fish, birds, and mammals, allowing us to add new calibrations to the timeline of circovirus evolution. Finally, we observed that some ancient CVe group robustly with contemporary circoviruses in phylogenies, with all sequences within these groups being derived from the same host class or order, implying a hitherto underappreciated stability in circovirus-host relationships. The openly available dataset constructed in this investigation provides new insights into circovirus evolution, and can be used to facilitate further studies of circoviruses and CVe. Elsevier Science 2019-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6372831/ /pubmed/29601845 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2018.03.014 Text en © 2018 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Dennis, Tristan P.W.
de Souza, William Marciel
Marsile-Medun, Soledad
Singer, Joshua B.
Wilson, Sam J.
Gifford, Robert J.
The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes
title The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes
title_full The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes
title_fullStr The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes
title_full_unstemmed The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes
title_short The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes
title_sort evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous circoviral elements in vertebrate genomes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6372831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29601845
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2018.03.014
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