Role of PCK1 gene on oil tea-induced glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes: an animal experiment and a case-control study

BACKGROUND: Oil tea is a type of traditional tea beverage used for treating various ailments in minority population in Guangxi, China. Our previous study showed oil tea improved glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetic mice. Yet, the underling molecular mechanisms are still not understood. This study aimed at assessing the effect of oil tea on glucose homeostasis and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the oil tea-induced antidiabetic effects. METHODS: Twenty seven db/db mice were gavaged with saline, metformin and oil tea for 8 weeks with measurement of biochemical profiles. A real-time(2) (RT(2)) profiler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array comprising 84 genes involved in glucose metabolism was measured and validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The association between the candidate genes and type 2 diabetes were further analyzed in a case-control study in the Chinese minority population. RESULTS: Oil tea treatment facilitated glucose homeostasis by decreasing fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol, and improving glucose tolerance. Suppressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression was observed in the oil tea treatment group and the expression was significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose levels. Target prediction and functional annotation by WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (WebGestalt) revealed that PCK1 mainly involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway among the top Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathways. Both rs707555 and rs2071023 in PCK1 were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in the minority population of Guangxi. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated oil tea improved glucose homeostasis via down-regulation of PCK1 and PCK1 may be a genetic marker for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-019-0337-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.