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Whole-genome-based phylogeny of Bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution
Bacillus cytotoxicus is a member of the Bacillus cereus group linked to fatal cases of diarrheal disease. Information on B. cytotoxicus is very limited; in particular comprehensive genomic data is lacking. Thus, we applied a genomic approach to characterize B. cytotoxicus and decipher its population...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6374410/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30760727 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36254-x |
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author | Stevens, Marc J. A. Tasara, Taurai Klumpp, Jochen Stephan, Roger Ehling-Schulz, Monika Johler, Sophia |
author_facet | Stevens, Marc J. A. Tasara, Taurai Klumpp, Jochen Stephan, Roger Ehling-Schulz, Monika Johler, Sophia |
author_sort | Stevens, Marc J. A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bacillus cytotoxicus is a member of the Bacillus cereus group linked to fatal cases of diarrheal disease. Information on B. cytotoxicus is very limited; in particular comprehensive genomic data is lacking. Thus, we applied a genomic approach to characterize B. cytotoxicus and decipher its population structure. To this end, complete genomes of ten B. cytotoxicus were sequenced and compared to the four publicly available full B. cytotoxicus genomes and genomes of other B. cereus group members. Average nucleotide identity, core genome, and pan genome clustering resulted in clear distinction of B. cytotoxicus strains from other strains of the B. cereus group. Genomic content analyses showed that a hydroxyphenylalanine operon is present in B. cytotoxicus, but absent in all other members of the B. cereus group. It enables degradation of aromatic compounds to succinate and pyruvate and was likely acquired from another Bacillus species. It allows for utilization of tyrosine and might have given a B. cytotoxicus ancestor an evolutionary advantage resulting in species differentiation. Plasmid content showed that B. cytotoxicus is flexible in exchanging genes, allowing for quick adaptation to the environment. Genome-based phylogenetic analyses divided the B. cytotoxicus strains into four clades that also differed in virulence gene content. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6374410 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63744102019-02-19 Whole-genome-based phylogeny of Bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution Stevens, Marc J. A. Tasara, Taurai Klumpp, Jochen Stephan, Roger Ehling-Schulz, Monika Johler, Sophia Sci Rep Article Bacillus cytotoxicus is a member of the Bacillus cereus group linked to fatal cases of diarrheal disease. Information on B. cytotoxicus is very limited; in particular comprehensive genomic data is lacking. Thus, we applied a genomic approach to characterize B. cytotoxicus and decipher its population structure. To this end, complete genomes of ten B. cytotoxicus were sequenced and compared to the four publicly available full B. cytotoxicus genomes and genomes of other B. cereus group members. Average nucleotide identity, core genome, and pan genome clustering resulted in clear distinction of B. cytotoxicus strains from other strains of the B. cereus group. Genomic content analyses showed that a hydroxyphenylalanine operon is present in B. cytotoxicus, but absent in all other members of the B. cereus group. It enables degradation of aromatic compounds to succinate and pyruvate and was likely acquired from another Bacillus species. It allows for utilization of tyrosine and might have given a B. cytotoxicus ancestor an evolutionary advantage resulting in species differentiation. Plasmid content showed that B. cytotoxicus is flexible in exchanging genes, allowing for quick adaptation to the environment. Genome-based phylogenetic analyses divided the B. cytotoxicus strains into four clades that also differed in virulence gene content. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6374410/ /pubmed/30760727 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36254-x Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Stevens, Marc J. A. Tasara, Taurai Klumpp, Jochen Stephan, Roger Ehling-Schulz, Monika Johler, Sophia Whole-genome-based phylogeny of Bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution |
title | Whole-genome-based phylogeny of Bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution |
title_full | Whole-genome-based phylogeny of Bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution |
title_fullStr | Whole-genome-based phylogeny of Bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution |
title_full_unstemmed | Whole-genome-based phylogeny of Bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution |
title_short | Whole-genome-based phylogeny of Bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution |
title_sort | whole-genome-based phylogeny of bacillus cytotoxicus reveals different clades within the species and provides clues on ecology and evolution |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6374410/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30760727 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36254-x |
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