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Shallow magma pre-charge during repeated Plinian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano

Vigorous explosive eruptions that produce continuous high eruption plumes (Plinian eruptions) are generally assumed to tap a magma reservoir. The 1914 Plinian eruption at the Sakurajima volcano located on the Aira caldera rim is one such case, where the main magma reservoir was assumed to be located...

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Autores principales: Araya, Naoki, Nakamura, Michihiko, Yasuda, Atsushi, Okumura, Satoshi, Sato, Tomoki, Iguchi, Masato, Miki, Daisuke, Geshi, Nobuo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6374428/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30760833
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38494-x
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author Araya, Naoki
Nakamura, Michihiko
Yasuda, Atsushi
Okumura, Satoshi
Sato, Tomoki
Iguchi, Masato
Miki, Daisuke
Geshi, Nobuo
author_facet Araya, Naoki
Nakamura, Michihiko
Yasuda, Atsushi
Okumura, Satoshi
Sato, Tomoki
Iguchi, Masato
Miki, Daisuke
Geshi, Nobuo
author_sort Araya, Naoki
collection PubMed
description Vigorous explosive eruptions that produce continuous high eruption plumes (Plinian eruptions) are generally assumed to tap a magma reservoir. The 1914 Plinian eruption at the Sakurajima volcano located on the Aira caldera rim is one such case, where the main magma reservoir was assumed to be located approximately 10 km beneath the caldera. However, we report that estimated magma storage depths immediately prior to the eruption were much shallower (0.9–3.2 km) on the basis of pressure at which volatiles within the phenocryst melt inclusions and plagioclase rims were finally equilibrated. The same is observed for two historic Plinian eruptions in 1471 and 1779. This depth is even shallower than the shallowest magma reservoir estimated from the pressure source for geodetic deformation during recent Vulcanian explosions (4 km beneath the crater). We propose that the magmas were fed from a thick conduit pre-charged from deeper reservoirs. The ground subsidence observed after 1914 within the Aira caldera may have been caused by conduit recharge following the eruption. Voluminous conduit recharge could be key to forecasting the next possible large eruption at the Sakurajima volcano.
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spelling pubmed-63744282019-02-19 Shallow magma pre-charge during repeated Plinian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano Araya, Naoki Nakamura, Michihiko Yasuda, Atsushi Okumura, Satoshi Sato, Tomoki Iguchi, Masato Miki, Daisuke Geshi, Nobuo Sci Rep Article Vigorous explosive eruptions that produce continuous high eruption plumes (Plinian eruptions) are generally assumed to tap a magma reservoir. The 1914 Plinian eruption at the Sakurajima volcano located on the Aira caldera rim is one such case, where the main magma reservoir was assumed to be located approximately 10 km beneath the caldera. However, we report that estimated magma storage depths immediately prior to the eruption were much shallower (0.9–3.2 km) on the basis of pressure at which volatiles within the phenocryst melt inclusions and plagioclase rims were finally equilibrated. The same is observed for two historic Plinian eruptions in 1471 and 1779. This depth is even shallower than the shallowest magma reservoir estimated from the pressure source for geodetic deformation during recent Vulcanian explosions (4 km beneath the crater). We propose that the magmas were fed from a thick conduit pre-charged from deeper reservoirs. The ground subsidence observed after 1914 within the Aira caldera may have been caused by conduit recharge following the eruption. Voluminous conduit recharge could be key to forecasting the next possible large eruption at the Sakurajima volcano. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6374428/ /pubmed/30760833 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38494-x Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Araya, Naoki
Nakamura, Michihiko
Yasuda, Atsushi
Okumura, Satoshi
Sato, Tomoki
Iguchi, Masato
Miki, Daisuke
Geshi, Nobuo
Shallow magma pre-charge during repeated Plinian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano
title Shallow magma pre-charge during repeated Plinian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano
title_full Shallow magma pre-charge during repeated Plinian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano
title_fullStr Shallow magma pre-charge during repeated Plinian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano
title_full_unstemmed Shallow magma pre-charge during repeated Plinian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano
title_short Shallow magma pre-charge during repeated Plinian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano
title_sort shallow magma pre-charge during repeated plinian eruptions at sakurajima volcano
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6374428/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30760833
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38494-x
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