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Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study

Since little is known concerning the psychological, cognitive, and neurophysiological factors that are involved in and important for phases of prolonged breath-holding (pBH) in freedivers, the present study uses electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate event-related neurocognitive markers during...

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Autores principales: Steinberg, Fabian, Doppelmayr, Michael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6374628/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792665
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00069
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author Steinberg, Fabian
Doppelmayr, Michael
author_facet Steinberg, Fabian
Doppelmayr, Michael
author_sort Steinberg, Fabian
collection PubMed
description Since little is known concerning the psychological, cognitive, and neurophysiological factors that are involved in and important for phases of prolonged breath-holding (pBH) in freedivers, the present study uses electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate event-related neurocognitive markers during pBH of experienced freedivers that regularly train pBH. The purpose was to determine whether the well-known neurophysiological modulations elicited by hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions can also be detected during pBH induced hypoxic hypercapnia. Ten experienced free-divers (all male, aged 35.10 ± 7.89 years) were asked to hold their breath twice for 4 min per instance. During the first pBH, a checker board reversal task was presented and in the second four-min pBH phase a classical visual oddball paradigm was performed. A visual evoked potential (VEP) as an index of early visual processing (i.e., latencies and amplitudes of N75, P100, and N145) and the latency and amplitude of a P300 component (visual oddball paradigm) as an index of cognitive processing were investigated. In a counter-balanced cross-over design, all tasks were once performed during normal breathing (B), and once during pBH. All components were then compared between an early pBH (0–2 min) and a later pBH stage (2–4 min) and with the same time phases without pBH (i.e., during normal breathing). Statistical analyses using analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed that comparisons between B and pBH yielded no significant changes either in the amplitude and latency of the VEP or in the P300. This indicates that neurocognitive markers, whether in an early visual processing stream or at a later cognitive processing stage, were not affected by pBH in experienced free-divers.
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spelling pubmed-63746282019-02-21 Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study Steinberg, Fabian Doppelmayr, Michael Front Physiol Physiology Since little is known concerning the psychological, cognitive, and neurophysiological factors that are involved in and important for phases of prolonged breath-holding (pBH) in freedivers, the present study uses electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate event-related neurocognitive markers during pBH of experienced freedivers that regularly train pBH. The purpose was to determine whether the well-known neurophysiological modulations elicited by hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions can also be detected during pBH induced hypoxic hypercapnia. Ten experienced free-divers (all male, aged 35.10 ± 7.89 years) were asked to hold their breath twice for 4 min per instance. During the first pBH, a checker board reversal task was presented and in the second four-min pBH phase a classical visual oddball paradigm was performed. A visual evoked potential (VEP) as an index of early visual processing (i.e., latencies and amplitudes of N75, P100, and N145) and the latency and amplitude of a P300 component (visual oddball paradigm) as an index of cognitive processing were investigated. In a counter-balanced cross-over design, all tasks were once performed during normal breathing (B), and once during pBH. All components were then compared between an early pBH (0–2 min) and a later pBH stage (2–4 min) and with the same time phases without pBH (i.e., during normal breathing). Statistical analyses using analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed that comparisons between B and pBH yielded no significant changes either in the amplitude and latency of the VEP or in the P300. This indicates that neurocognitive markers, whether in an early visual processing stream or at a later cognitive processing stage, were not affected by pBH in experienced free-divers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6374628/ /pubmed/30792665 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00069 Text en Copyright © 2019 Steinberg and Doppelmayr. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Steinberg, Fabian
Doppelmayr, Michael
Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study
title Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study
title_full Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study
title_fullStr Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study
title_full_unstemmed Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study
title_short Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study
title_sort neurocognitive markers during prolonged breath-holding in freedivers: an event-related eeg study
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6374628/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792665
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00069
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