Th17 Cells Paradoxical Roles in Melanoma and Potential Application in Immunotherapy

The progressive infiltration of immune cells is associated with the progression of melanoma. Specifically, Th17 cells in melanoma microenvironment have both antitumor and protumor effects. It is now necessary to understand the contradictory data associated with how Th17 cells play a role in melanoma. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the potential mechanisms that may be involved in the effects of Th17 cells in melanoma progression. Currently, since adoptive transferring Th17 cells has been successful in eradicating melanoma in mice, it offers promise for next-generation adoptive cell transfer, as ex vivo expanded stemness-like memory Th17 cells which are induced by distinct cytokines or pharmacologic reagents may be infused into melanoma patients to potentiate treatment outcome.