Angiogenesis‐related gene expression profile in clinical cases of canine cancer

The balance between pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic signalling is tightly regulated in normal tissues to maintain the functions of the vasculature. In contrast, the overproduction of angiogenic factors and enhanced angiogenesis are frequently observed in several types of tumours. Although there have been many reports on the correlation between tumour progression and angiogenesis in humans, little is known about tumour angiogenesis in canines. Hence, we attempted to clarify whether angiogenesis contributes to tumour progression in canines as well as humans. In this study, we investigated the expression of several angiogenesis‐related genes, including CD34,VEGF‐A,VEGFR‐1,VEGFR‐2, Ang‐1, Ang‐2, Tie1, and Tie2, in 66 canine tumour tissues and in the normal tissues surrounding the tumours by quantitative real‐time PCR analysis. Our comparative analysis between canine tumour tissues and normal tissues revealed that several angiogenesis‐related genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐receptor genes, were significantly upregulated in canine tumour tissues when compared to the normal tissues. We also found that the angiopoietin (Ang)‐1/Ang‐2 gene expression ratio was lower in canine tumour tissues than in the normal tissues, suggesting less association between vascular endothelial cells and perivascular cells in the canine tumour tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that several angiogenesis‐related genes may contribute to the malignant progression of canine tumours via tumour angiogenesis.