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Epidemiologic Studies Cannot Reveal the True Shape of the Dose–Response Relationship for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer
A long-standing controversy is the correct shape of the dose-response relationship for lung cancer induction by inhaled radon (eg, residential radon) at low levels. A probabilistic approach is used in this commentary to show that cohort and case-control epidemiologic studies cannot reveal the true s...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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SAGE Publications
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6376517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792615 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325819828617 |
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author | Scott, Bobby R. |
author_facet | Scott, Bobby R. |
author_sort | Scott, Bobby R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | A long-standing controversy is the correct shape of the dose-response relationship for lung cancer induction by inhaled radon (eg, residential radon) at low levels. A probabilistic approach is used in this commentary to show that cohort and case-control epidemiologic studies cannot reveal the true shape of the dose-response relationship for radon-induced lung cancer. Using the indicated approach, it is found that while the dose response for radon-induced lung cancer is expected to be threshold-increasing, the dose-response curve for the cancer incidence when cancers caused by smoking and other carcinogens are included is expected to be threshold-decreasing (ie, threshold-hormetic), as low-level radon can protect from cancer induction by other carcinogens via stimulating the body’s natural defenses against cancer. These defenses include DNA damage repair, removal of aberrant cells via apoptosis, suppression of cancer promoting inflammation, and anticancer immunity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6376517 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63765172019-02-21 Epidemiologic Studies Cannot Reveal the True Shape of the Dose–Response Relationship for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer Scott, Bobby R. Dose Response Commentary A long-standing controversy is the correct shape of the dose-response relationship for lung cancer induction by inhaled radon (eg, residential radon) at low levels. A probabilistic approach is used in this commentary to show that cohort and case-control epidemiologic studies cannot reveal the true shape of the dose-response relationship for radon-induced lung cancer. Using the indicated approach, it is found that while the dose response for radon-induced lung cancer is expected to be threshold-increasing, the dose-response curve for the cancer incidence when cancers caused by smoking and other carcinogens are included is expected to be threshold-decreasing (ie, threshold-hormetic), as low-level radon can protect from cancer induction by other carcinogens via stimulating the body’s natural defenses against cancer. These defenses include DNA damage repair, removal of aberrant cells via apoptosis, suppression of cancer promoting inflammation, and anticancer immunity. SAGE Publications 2019-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6376517/ /pubmed/30792615 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325819828617 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Commentary Scott, Bobby R. Epidemiologic Studies Cannot Reveal the True Shape of the Dose–Response Relationship for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer |
title | Epidemiologic Studies Cannot Reveal the True Shape of the Dose–Response Relationship for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer |
title_full | Epidemiologic Studies Cannot Reveal the True Shape of the Dose–Response Relationship for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer |
title_fullStr | Epidemiologic Studies Cannot Reveal the True Shape of the Dose–Response Relationship for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiologic Studies Cannot Reveal the True Shape of the Dose–Response Relationship for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer |
title_short | Epidemiologic Studies Cannot Reveal the True Shape of the Dose–Response Relationship for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer |
title_sort | epidemiologic studies cannot reveal the true shape of the dose–response relationship for radon-induced lung cancer |
topic | Commentary |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6376517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792615 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325819828617 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT scottbobbyr epidemiologicstudiescannotrevealthetrueshapeofthedoseresponserelationshipforradoninducedlungcancer |