Cargando…

The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury

The remarkable plasticity of Schwann cells allows them to adopt the Remak (non-myelin) and myelin phenotypes, which are specialized to meet the needs of small and large diameter axons, and differ markedly from each other. It also enables Schwann cells initially to mount a strikingly adaptive respons...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jessen, Kristjan R., Mirsky, Rhona
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6378273/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30804758
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00033
_version_ 1783395894211641344
author Jessen, Kristjan R.
Mirsky, Rhona
author_facet Jessen, Kristjan R.
Mirsky, Rhona
author_sort Jessen, Kristjan R.
collection PubMed
description The remarkable plasticity of Schwann cells allows them to adopt the Remak (non-myelin) and myelin phenotypes, which are specialized to meet the needs of small and large diameter axons, and differ markedly from each other. It also enables Schwann cells initially to mount a strikingly adaptive response to nerve injury and to promote regeneration by converting to a repair-promoting phenotype. These repair cells activate a sequence of supportive functions that engineer myelin clearance, prevent neuronal death, and help axon growth and guidance. Eventually, this response runs out of steam, however, because in the long run the phenotype of repair cells is unstable and their survival is compromised. The re-programming of Remak and myelin cells to repair cells, together with the injury-induced switch of peripheral neurons to a growth mode, gives peripheral nerves their strong regenerative potential. But it remains a challenge to harness this potential and devise effective treatments that maintain the initial repair capacity of peripheral nerves for the extended periods typically required for nerve repair in humans.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6378273
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-63782732019-02-25 The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury Jessen, Kristjan R. Mirsky, Rhona Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience The remarkable plasticity of Schwann cells allows them to adopt the Remak (non-myelin) and myelin phenotypes, which are specialized to meet the needs of small and large diameter axons, and differ markedly from each other. It also enables Schwann cells initially to mount a strikingly adaptive response to nerve injury and to promote regeneration by converting to a repair-promoting phenotype. These repair cells activate a sequence of supportive functions that engineer myelin clearance, prevent neuronal death, and help axon growth and guidance. Eventually, this response runs out of steam, however, because in the long run the phenotype of repair cells is unstable and their survival is compromised. The re-programming of Remak and myelin cells to repair cells, together with the injury-induced switch of peripheral neurons to a growth mode, gives peripheral nerves their strong regenerative potential. But it remains a challenge to harness this potential and devise effective treatments that maintain the initial repair capacity of peripheral nerves for the extended periods typically required for nerve repair in humans. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6378273/ /pubmed/30804758 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00033 Text en Copyright © 2019 Jessen and Mirsky. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Jessen, Kristjan R.
Mirsky, Rhona
The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury
title The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury
title_full The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury
title_fullStr The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury
title_full_unstemmed The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury
title_short The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury
title_sort success and failure of the schwann cell response to nerve injury
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6378273/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30804758
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00033
work_keys_str_mv AT jessenkristjanr thesuccessandfailureoftheschwanncellresponsetonerveinjury
AT mirskyrhona thesuccessandfailureoftheschwanncellresponsetonerveinjury
AT jessenkristjanr successandfailureoftheschwanncellresponsetonerveinjury
AT mirskyrhona successandfailureoftheschwanncellresponsetonerveinjury