Differential Diagnosis Decision Support Systems in Primary and Out-of-Hours Care: A Qualitative Analysis of the Needs of Key Stakeholders in Scotland

Background: Differential Diagnosis Decision Support Systems (DDDSS) and other forms of clinical decision support systems may have a role in supporting clinicians and the public in making decisions about differential diagnosis and accessing health care services. The aim of this qualitative, focus group study was to explore the needs of out-of-hours and primary care clinicians, and members of the public in relation to DDDSS. Methods: Twenty-nine participants (comprising 13 advanced nurse practitioners [ANPs], 7 general practitioners [GPs], 2 allied health professional advanced practitioners [AAPs], and 7 members of the public) took part in 1 of 6 focus groups. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Results: Four themes were identified: (1) Current Practice, (2) Attitudes to DDDSS, (3) Implementation Considerations, and (4) Desirable Characteristics of DDDSS. Discussion: There may be a role for differential diagnosis decision support systems in supporting clinicians and members of the public; however, it is important that the needs of these groups are considered when designing or implementing any clinical decision support system in primary or out-of-hours care. More research is needed into how these systems could be used within clinical practice.