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Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots
Herbivory can induce both general and specific responses in plants that modify direct and indirect defence against subsequent herbivory. The type of induction (local versus systemic induction, single versus multiple defence induction) likely depends both on herbivore identity and relationships among...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6378760/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792834 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plz003 |
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author | Xiao, Li Carrillo, Juli Siemann, Evan Ding, Jianqing |
author_facet | Xiao, Li Carrillo, Juli Siemann, Evan Ding, Jianqing |
author_sort | Xiao, Li |
collection | PubMed |
description | Herbivory can induce both general and specific responses in plants that modify direct and indirect defence against subsequent herbivory. The type of induction (local versus systemic induction, single versus multiple defence induction) likely depends both on herbivore identity and relationships among different responses. We examined the effects of two above-ground chewing herbivores (caterpillar, weevil) and one sucking herbivore (aphid) on indirect defence responses in leaves and direct defence responses in both leaves and roots of tallow tree, Triadica sebifera. We also included foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA). We found that chewing herbivores and MeJA increased above-ground defence chemicals but SA only increased below-ground total flavonoids. Herbivory or MeJA increased above-ground indirect defence response (extrafloral nectar) but SA decreased it. Principal component analysis showed there was a trade-off between increasing total root phenolics and tannins (MeJA, chewing) versus latex and total root flavonoids (aphid, SA). For individual flavonoids, there was evidence for systemic induction (quercetin), trade-offs between compounds (quercetin versus kaempferitrin) and trade-offs between above-ground versus below-ground production (isoquercetin). Our results suggest that direct and indirect defence responses in leaves and roots depend on herbivore host range and specificity along with feeding mode. We detected relationships among some defence response types, while others were independent. Including multiple types of insects to examine defence inductions in leaves and roots may better elucidate the complexity and specificity of defence responses of plants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6378760 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63787602019-02-21 Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots Xiao, Li Carrillo, Juli Siemann, Evan Ding, Jianqing AoB Plants Studies Herbivory can induce both general and specific responses in plants that modify direct and indirect defence against subsequent herbivory. The type of induction (local versus systemic induction, single versus multiple defence induction) likely depends both on herbivore identity and relationships among different responses. We examined the effects of two above-ground chewing herbivores (caterpillar, weevil) and one sucking herbivore (aphid) on indirect defence responses in leaves and direct defence responses in both leaves and roots of tallow tree, Triadica sebifera. We also included foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA). We found that chewing herbivores and MeJA increased above-ground defence chemicals but SA only increased below-ground total flavonoids. Herbivory or MeJA increased above-ground indirect defence response (extrafloral nectar) but SA decreased it. Principal component analysis showed there was a trade-off between increasing total root phenolics and tannins (MeJA, chewing) versus latex and total root flavonoids (aphid, SA). For individual flavonoids, there was evidence for systemic induction (quercetin), trade-offs between compounds (quercetin versus kaempferitrin) and trade-offs between above-ground versus below-ground production (isoquercetin). Our results suggest that direct and indirect defence responses in leaves and roots depend on herbivore host range and specificity along with feeding mode. We detected relationships among some defence response types, while others were independent. Including multiple types of insects to examine defence inductions in leaves and roots may better elucidate the complexity and specificity of defence responses of plants. Oxford University Press 2019-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6378760/ /pubmed/30792834 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plz003 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Studies Xiao, Li Carrillo, Juli Siemann, Evan Ding, Jianqing Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots |
title | Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots |
title_full | Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots |
title_fullStr | Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots |
title_full_unstemmed | Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots |
title_short | Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots |
title_sort | herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots |
topic | Studies |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6378760/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792834 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plz003 |
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