Redox, immune and genetic biomarker system for personalized treatments in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: Identifying biomarkers for the risk of developing degenerative processes linked to aging and colorectal cancer (CRC) onset that could improve clinical strategies. AIM: To determine valid targets and a predictive biomarker’s system of chronicization of inflammation for cancer treatment. METHODS: A group of 147 CRC patients was studied. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically, and patients were sub-typed using the pathological tumor-node-metastasis classification. Thirteen colon adenoma patients and 219 healthy subjects were also studied. A system biology study on Thioredoxin1/CD30 redox-immune systems (Trx1/CD30), T helper cytokines and polymorphisms of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors, FcγRIIa-131H/R and FcγRIIIa-158V/F was carried out. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to analyze sera. Genetic study was executed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers and sequence-based typing method. Statistical analysis was performed by using the “Statgraphics software systems”. RESULTS: We found a positive increase between Trx1/RTrx1 levels and sCD30 level and increased age. With respect to the gender relationships, there were distinct differences. Females showed a primary relationship between transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) with Trx1, whereas males had one with TGFβ and RTrx1. Trx1/CD30 controls the redox immune homeostasis, and an imbalance in the relationship between the Trx1/RTrx1 and sCD30 levels is linked to the onset and progression of tumor. This event happens through different gender-specific cytokine pathways. Our study demonstrated that the serum levels of Trx1/RTrx1, TGFβ/interleukin (IL)6 and TGFβ/IL4 combinations and the sCD30, IFNγ and IL2 combination constitute a predictive gender specific biomarker system. This is relevant for clinical screening to detect the risk of the potential development or progression of a tumor. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress on Trx1/CD30 is a trigger of cancer disease, and the selected oxidation and immune products are a biomarker system for aging and cancer.