In situ revascularization of bilateral complicated giant renal artery aneurysms: Case report

RATIONALE: Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is a rare entity, bilateral multiple RAAs near hilum with a maximum diameter of 7 cm are even rare and bring a great challenge to surgeons. As the technique of vessel reconstruction is quite difficult for the RAAs near hilum, some surgeons choose to resect the involved kidney. We reported a young female patient with the threatened rupture symptoms for further treatment. The details of revascularization methods and procedure design were discussed in the report. PATIENT CONCERNS: A young female patient complained with lumbar and abdominal pain for 1 month. Computed tomography angiography showed bilateral RAAs with the maximum diameter of 6 and 7 cm on the left and right side separately. For the right RAA, apart from a giant aneurysm, there was another small aneurysm with a diameter of 3 cm located on the inferior polar right renal artery. There was a mild tenderness on the left lumbar and lower abdomen, no rebound tenderness was detected. DIAGNOSIS: According to the image feature and symptoms, the diagnosis for this patient was bilateral giant RAAs with threatened ruptured. INTERVENTIONS: Dissection of the bilateral giant RAA and in situ revascularization of renal arteries with prosthetic graft was performed. OUTCOMES: The follow-up results showed the satisfactory patency of prosthetic graft and obvious improvement of renal function. LESSONS: This complicated bilateral giant RAAs was successfully revascularized through in situ renal artery repair with a very difficult procedure process. For the RAA near hilum, vessel reconstruction no matter through in situ or ex vivo are both difficult for surgeons. This extremely rare and difficult case could bring more confidence to surgeons who meet such complicated bilateral RAAs for choosing the vessel reconstruction rather than kidney resection.