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Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation
Recent explorations of scientific ocean drilling have revealed the presence of microbial communities persisting in sediments down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. However, our knowledge of these microbial populations in the deep subseafloor sedimentary biosphere remains limited. Here, we present a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381156/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30783143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38754-w |
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author | Imachi, Hiroyuki Tasumi, Eiji Takaki, Yoshihiro Hoshino, Tatsuhiko Schubotz, Florence Gan, Shuchai Tu, Tzu-Hsuan Saito, Yumi Yamanaka, Yuko Ijiri, Akira Matsui, Yohei Miyazaki, Masayuki Morono, Yuki Takai, Ken Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Inagaki, Fumio |
author_facet | Imachi, Hiroyuki Tasumi, Eiji Takaki, Yoshihiro Hoshino, Tatsuhiko Schubotz, Florence Gan, Shuchai Tu, Tzu-Hsuan Saito, Yumi Yamanaka, Yuko Ijiri, Akira Matsui, Yohei Miyazaki, Masayuki Morono, Yuki Takai, Ken Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Inagaki, Fumio |
author_sort | Imachi, Hiroyuki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Recent explorations of scientific ocean drilling have revealed the presence of microbial communities persisting in sediments down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. However, our knowledge of these microbial populations in the deep subseafloor sedimentary biosphere remains limited. Here, we present a cultivation experiment of 2-km-deep subseafloor microbial communities in 20-million-year-old lignite coalbeds using a continuous-flow bioreactor operating at 40 °C for 1029 days with lignite particles as the major energy source. Chemical monitoring of effluent samples via fluorescence emission-excitation matrices spectroscopy and stable isotope analyses traced the transformation of coalbed-derived organic matter in the dissolved phase. Hereby, the production of acetate and (13)C-depleted methane together with the increase and transformation of high molecular weight humics point to an active lignite-degrading methanogenic community present within the bioreactor. Electron microscopy revealed abundant microbial cells growing on the surface of lignite particles. Small subunit rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that diverse microorganisms grew in the bioreactor (e.g., phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Ignavibacteriae, and SBR1093). These results indicate that activation and adaptive growth of 2-km-deep microbes was successfully accomplished using a continuous-flow bioreactor, which lays the groundwork to explore networks of microbial communities of the deep biosphere and their physiologies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6381156 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63811562019-02-22 Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation Imachi, Hiroyuki Tasumi, Eiji Takaki, Yoshihiro Hoshino, Tatsuhiko Schubotz, Florence Gan, Shuchai Tu, Tzu-Hsuan Saito, Yumi Yamanaka, Yuko Ijiri, Akira Matsui, Yohei Miyazaki, Masayuki Morono, Yuki Takai, Ken Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Inagaki, Fumio Sci Rep Article Recent explorations of scientific ocean drilling have revealed the presence of microbial communities persisting in sediments down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. However, our knowledge of these microbial populations in the deep subseafloor sedimentary biosphere remains limited. Here, we present a cultivation experiment of 2-km-deep subseafloor microbial communities in 20-million-year-old lignite coalbeds using a continuous-flow bioreactor operating at 40 °C for 1029 days with lignite particles as the major energy source. Chemical monitoring of effluent samples via fluorescence emission-excitation matrices spectroscopy and stable isotope analyses traced the transformation of coalbed-derived organic matter in the dissolved phase. Hereby, the production of acetate and (13)C-depleted methane together with the increase and transformation of high molecular weight humics point to an active lignite-degrading methanogenic community present within the bioreactor. Electron microscopy revealed abundant microbial cells growing on the surface of lignite particles. Small subunit rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that diverse microorganisms grew in the bioreactor (e.g., phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Ignavibacteriae, and SBR1093). These results indicate that activation and adaptive growth of 2-km-deep microbes was successfully accomplished using a continuous-flow bioreactor, which lays the groundwork to explore networks of microbial communities of the deep biosphere and their physiologies. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6381156/ /pubmed/30783143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38754-w Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Imachi, Hiroyuki Tasumi, Eiji Takaki, Yoshihiro Hoshino, Tatsuhiko Schubotz, Florence Gan, Shuchai Tu, Tzu-Hsuan Saito, Yumi Yamanaka, Yuko Ijiri, Akira Matsui, Yohei Miyazaki, Masayuki Morono, Yuki Takai, Ken Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Inagaki, Fumio Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation |
title | Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation |
title_full | Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation |
title_fullStr | Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation |
title_full_unstemmed | Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation |
title_short | Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation |
title_sort | cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381156/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30783143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38754-w |
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