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Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation

Recent explorations of scientific ocean drilling have revealed the presence of microbial communities persisting in sediments down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. However, our knowledge of these microbial populations in the deep subseafloor sedimentary biosphere remains limited. Here, we present a...

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Autores principales: Imachi, Hiroyuki, Tasumi, Eiji, Takaki, Yoshihiro, Hoshino, Tatsuhiko, Schubotz, Florence, Gan, Shuchai, Tu, Tzu-Hsuan, Saito, Yumi, Yamanaka, Yuko, Ijiri, Akira, Matsui, Yohei, Miyazaki, Masayuki, Morono, Yuki, Takai, Ken, Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe, Inagaki, Fumio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381156/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30783143
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38754-w
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author Imachi, Hiroyuki
Tasumi, Eiji
Takaki, Yoshihiro
Hoshino, Tatsuhiko
Schubotz, Florence
Gan, Shuchai
Tu, Tzu-Hsuan
Saito, Yumi
Yamanaka, Yuko
Ijiri, Akira
Matsui, Yohei
Miyazaki, Masayuki
Morono, Yuki
Takai, Ken
Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe
Inagaki, Fumio
author_facet Imachi, Hiroyuki
Tasumi, Eiji
Takaki, Yoshihiro
Hoshino, Tatsuhiko
Schubotz, Florence
Gan, Shuchai
Tu, Tzu-Hsuan
Saito, Yumi
Yamanaka, Yuko
Ijiri, Akira
Matsui, Yohei
Miyazaki, Masayuki
Morono, Yuki
Takai, Ken
Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe
Inagaki, Fumio
author_sort Imachi, Hiroyuki
collection PubMed
description Recent explorations of scientific ocean drilling have revealed the presence of microbial communities persisting in sediments down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. However, our knowledge of these microbial populations in the deep subseafloor sedimentary biosphere remains limited. Here, we present a cultivation experiment of 2-km-deep subseafloor microbial communities in 20-million-year-old lignite coalbeds using a continuous-flow bioreactor operating at 40 °C for 1029 days with lignite particles as the major energy source. Chemical monitoring of effluent samples via fluorescence emission-excitation matrices spectroscopy and stable isotope analyses traced the transformation of coalbed-derived organic matter in the dissolved phase. Hereby, the production of acetate and (13)C-depleted methane together with the increase and transformation of high molecular weight humics point to an active lignite-degrading methanogenic community present within the bioreactor. Electron microscopy revealed abundant microbial cells growing on the surface of lignite particles. Small subunit rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that diverse microorganisms grew in the bioreactor (e.g., phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Ignavibacteriae, and SBR1093). These results indicate that activation and adaptive growth of 2-km-deep microbes was successfully accomplished using a continuous-flow bioreactor, which lays the groundwork to explore networks of microbial communities of the deep biosphere and their physiologies.
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spelling pubmed-63811562019-02-22 Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation Imachi, Hiroyuki Tasumi, Eiji Takaki, Yoshihiro Hoshino, Tatsuhiko Schubotz, Florence Gan, Shuchai Tu, Tzu-Hsuan Saito, Yumi Yamanaka, Yuko Ijiri, Akira Matsui, Yohei Miyazaki, Masayuki Morono, Yuki Takai, Ken Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Inagaki, Fumio Sci Rep Article Recent explorations of scientific ocean drilling have revealed the presence of microbial communities persisting in sediments down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. However, our knowledge of these microbial populations in the deep subseafloor sedimentary biosphere remains limited. Here, we present a cultivation experiment of 2-km-deep subseafloor microbial communities in 20-million-year-old lignite coalbeds using a continuous-flow bioreactor operating at 40 °C for 1029 days with lignite particles as the major energy source. Chemical monitoring of effluent samples via fluorescence emission-excitation matrices spectroscopy and stable isotope analyses traced the transformation of coalbed-derived organic matter in the dissolved phase. Hereby, the production of acetate and (13)C-depleted methane together with the increase and transformation of high molecular weight humics point to an active lignite-degrading methanogenic community present within the bioreactor. Electron microscopy revealed abundant microbial cells growing on the surface of lignite particles. Small subunit rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that diverse microorganisms grew in the bioreactor (e.g., phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Ignavibacteriae, and SBR1093). These results indicate that activation and adaptive growth of 2-km-deep microbes was successfully accomplished using a continuous-flow bioreactor, which lays the groundwork to explore networks of microbial communities of the deep biosphere and their physiologies. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6381156/ /pubmed/30783143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38754-w Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Imachi, Hiroyuki
Tasumi, Eiji
Takaki, Yoshihiro
Hoshino, Tatsuhiko
Schubotz, Florence
Gan, Shuchai
Tu, Tzu-Hsuan
Saito, Yumi
Yamanaka, Yuko
Ijiri, Akira
Matsui, Yohei
Miyazaki, Masayuki
Morono, Yuki
Takai, Ken
Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe
Inagaki, Fumio
Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation
title Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation
title_full Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation
title_fullStr Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation
title_full_unstemmed Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation
title_short Cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation
title_sort cultivable microbial community in 2-km-deep, 20-million-year-old subseafloor coalbeds through ~1000 days anaerobic bioreactor cultivation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381156/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30783143
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38754-w
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