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Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype
Vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic pathogen, is the causative agent of a life-threatening septicemia and a rising problem for aquaculture worldwide. The genetic factors that differentiate its clinical and environmental strains remain enigmatic. Furthermore, clinical strains have emerged from every...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381281/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30782660 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02852-18 |
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author | López-Pérez, Mario Jayakumar, Jane M. Haro-Moreno, Jose M. Zaragoza-Solas, Asier Reddi, Geethika Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco Shapiro, Orr H. Alam, Munirul Almagro-Moreno, Salvador |
author_facet | López-Pérez, Mario Jayakumar, Jane M. Haro-Moreno, Jose M. Zaragoza-Solas, Asier Reddi, Geethika Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco Shapiro, Orr H. Alam, Munirul Almagro-Moreno, Salvador |
author_sort | López-Pérez, Mario |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic pathogen, is the causative agent of a life-threatening septicemia and a rising problem for aquaculture worldwide. The genetic factors that differentiate its clinical and environmental strains remain enigmatic. Furthermore, clinical strains have emerged from every clade of V. vulnificus. In this work, we investigated the underlying genomic properties and population dynamics of the V. vulnificus species from an evolutionary and ecological point of view. Genome comparisons and bioinformatic analyses of 113 V. vulnificus isolates indicate that the population of V. vulnificus is made up of four different clusters. We found evidence that recombination and gene flow between the two largest clusters (cluster 1 [C1] and C2) have drastically decreased to the point where they are diverging independently. Pangenome and phenotypic analyses showed two markedly different lifestyles for these two clusters, indicating commensal (C2) and bloomer (C1) ecotypes, with differences in carbohydrate utilization, defense systems, and chemotaxis, among other characteristics. Nonetheless, we identified frequent intra- and interspecies exchange of mobile genetic elements (e.g., antibiotic resistance plasmids, novel “chromids,” or two different and concurrent type VI secretion systems) that provide high levels of genetic diversity in the population. Surprisingly, we identified strains from both clusters in the mucosa of aquaculture species, indicating that manmade niches are bringing strains from the two clusters together. We propose an evolutionary model of V. vulnificus that could be broadly applicable to other pathogenic vibrios and facultative bacterial pathogens to pursue strategies to prevent their infections and emergence. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6381281 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63812812019-02-22 Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype López-Pérez, Mario Jayakumar, Jane M. Haro-Moreno, Jose M. Zaragoza-Solas, Asier Reddi, Geethika Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco Shapiro, Orr H. Alam, Munirul Almagro-Moreno, Salvador mBio Research Article Vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic pathogen, is the causative agent of a life-threatening septicemia and a rising problem for aquaculture worldwide. The genetic factors that differentiate its clinical and environmental strains remain enigmatic. Furthermore, clinical strains have emerged from every clade of V. vulnificus. In this work, we investigated the underlying genomic properties and population dynamics of the V. vulnificus species from an evolutionary and ecological point of view. Genome comparisons and bioinformatic analyses of 113 V. vulnificus isolates indicate that the population of V. vulnificus is made up of four different clusters. We found evidence that recombination and gene flow between the two largest clusters (cluster 1 [C1] and C2) have drastically decreased to the point where they are diverging independently. Pangenome and phenotypic analyses showed two markedly different lifestyles for these two clusters, indicating commensal (C2) and bloomer (C1) ecotypes, with differences in carbohydrate utilization, defense systems, and chemotaxis, among other characteristics. Nonetheless, we identified frequent intra- and interspecies exchange of mobile genetic elements (e.g., antibiotic resistance plasmids, novel “chromids,” or two different and concurrent type VI secretion systems) that provide high levels of genetic diversity in the population. Surprisingly, we identified strains from both clusters in the mucosa of aquaculture species, indicating that manmade niches are bringing strains from the two clusters together. We propose an evolutionary model of V. vulnificus that could be broadly applicable to other pathogenic vibrios and facultative bacterial pathogens to pursue strategies to prevent their infections and emergence. American Society for Microbiology 2019-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6381281/ /pubmed/30782660 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02852-18 Text en Copyright © 2019 López-Pérez et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article López-Pérez, Mario Jayakumar, Jane M. Haro-Moreno, Jose M. Zaragoza-Solas, Asier Reddi, Geethika Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco Shapiro, Orr H. Alam, Munirul Almagro-Moreno, Salvador Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype |
title | Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype |
title_full | Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype |
title_fullStr | Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype |
title_short | Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype |
title_sort | evolutionary model of cluster divergence of the emergent marine pathogen vibrio vulnificus: from genotype to ecotype |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381281/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30782660 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02852-18 |
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