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The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Status Epilepticus
Objective: The prognosis of status epilepticus (SE) is highly related to the underlying etiology. Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), including infection and autoimmune encephalitis, is one of the treatable conditions causing SE. The initial presentation of infectious and autoimmune CN...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381771/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30814971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00025 |
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author | Lin, Chih-Hsiang Lu, Yan-Ting Ho, Chen-Jui Shih, Fu-Yuan Tsai, Meng-Han |
author_facet | Lin, Chih-Hsiang Lu, Yan-Ting Ho, Chen-Jui Shih, Fu-Yuan Tsai, Meng-Han |
author_sort | Lin, Chih-Hsiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective: The prognosis of status epilepticus (SE) is highly related to the underlying etiology. Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), including infection and autoimmune encephalitis, is one of the treatable conditions causing SE. The initial presentation of infectious and autoimmune CNS disorders can be quite similar, which may be difficult to differentiate at the beginning. However, treatment for these entities can be quite different. In this study, we aim to identify the differences in clinical features among patients with infectious and autoimmune SE, which could help the clinicians to select initial investigation and ensuing therapies that may improve overall outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included 501 patients with SE within a period of 10.5-years. Patients with inflammatory etiology were collected and separated into infectious and autoimmune SE. The symptoms at onset, SE semiology, status epilepticus severity score, and END-IT score at admission, treatment for SE, and outcome (modified Rankin Scale) on discharge and last follow-up were recorded. Data on the first cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging were also collected. Results: Forty-six (9.2%) of the 501 patients had SE with inflammatory etiology. Twenty-five (5%) patients were autoimmune SE and 21 (4.2%) were infectious SE. Patients with autoimmune SE have younger age and female predominance. As for clinical presentations, psychosis, non-convulsive SE, and super refractory SE were more common in patients with autoimmune SE. Nevertheless, the prognosis showed no difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The different initial clinical presentations and patient characteristics may provide some clues about the underlying etiology of SE. When inflammatory etiology is suspected in patients with SE, younger age, female sex, psychosis, non-convulsive SE, and super refractory SE are clinical features that suggest an autoimmune etiology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6381771 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63817712019-02-27 The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Status Epilepticus Lin, Chih-Hsiang Lu, Yan-Ting Ho, Chen-Jui Shih, Fu-Yuan Tsai, Meng-Han Front Neurol Neurology Objective: The prognosis of status epilepticus (SE) is highly related to the underlying etiology. Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), including infection and autoimmune encephalitis, is one of the treatable conditions causing SE. The initial presentation of infectious and autoimmune CNS disorders can be quite similar, which may be difficult to differentiate at the beginning. However, treatment for these entities can be quite different. In this study, we aim to identify the differences in clinical features among patients with infectious and autoimmune SE, which could help the clinicians to select initial investigation and ensuing therapies that may improve overall outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included 501 patients with SE within a period of 10.5-years. Patients with inflammatory etiology were collected and separated into infectious and autoimmune SE. The symptoms at onset, SE semiology, status epilepticus severity score, and END-IT score at admission, treatment for SE, and outcome (modified Rankin Scale) on discharge and last follow-up were recorded. Data on the first cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging were also collected. Results: Forty-six (9.2%) of the 501 patients had SE with inflammatory etiology. Twenty-five (5%) patients were autoimmune SE and 21 (4.2%) were infectious SE. Patients with autoimmune SE have younger age and female predominance. As for clinical presentations, psychosis, non-convulsive SE, and super refractory SE were more common in patients with autoimmune SE. Nevertheless, the prognosis showed no difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The different initial clinical presentations and patient characteristics may provide some clues about the underlying etiology of SE. When inflammatory etiology is suspected in patients with SE, younger age, female sex, psychosis, non-convulsive SE, and super refractory SE are clinical features that suggest an autoimmune etiology. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6381771/ /pubmed/30814971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00025 Text en Copyright © 2019 Lin, Lu, Ho, Shih and Tsai. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neurology Lin, Chih-Hsiang Lu, Yan-Ting Ho, Chen-Jui Shih, Fu-Yuan Tsai, Meng-Han The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Status Epilepticus |
title | The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Status Epilepticus |
title_full | The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Status Epilepticus |
title_fullStr | The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Status Epilepticus |
title_full_unstemmed | The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Status Epilepticus |
title_short | The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Status Epilepticus |
title_sort | different clinical features between autoimmune and infectious status epilepticus |
topic | Neurology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381771/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30814971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00025 |
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