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VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures
Low temperatures are required to regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth via a pathway called vernalization. In wheat, vernalization predominantly involves the cold upregulation of the floral activator VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1). Here, we have used an extreme vernalization response...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Company of Biologists Ltd
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6382010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30770359 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.172684 |
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author | Dixon, Laura E. Karsai, Ildiko Kiss, Tibor Adamski, Nikolai M. Liu, Zhenshan Ding, Yiliang Allard, Vincent Boden, Scott A. Griffiths, Simon |
author_facet | Dixon, Laura E. Karsai, Ildiko Kiss, Tibor Adamski, Nikolai M. Liu, Zhenshan Ding, Yiliang Allard, Vincent Boden, Scott A. Griffiths, Simon |
author_sort | Dixon, Laura E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Low temperatures are required to regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth via a pathway called vernalization. In wheat, vernalization predominantly involves the cold upregulation of the floral activator VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1). Here, we have used an extreme vernalization response, identified through studying ambient temperature responses, to reveal the complexity of temperature inputs into VRN-A1, with allelic inter-copy variation at a gene expansion of VRN-A1 modulating these effects. We find that the repressors of the reproductive transition, VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2) and ODDSOC2, are re-activated when plants experience high temperatures during and after vernalization. In addition, this re-activation is regulated by photoperiod for VRN2 but was independent of photoperiod for ODDSOC2. We also find this warm temperature interruption affects flowering time and floret number and is stage specific. This research highlights the important balance between floral activators and repressors in coordinating the response of a plant to temperature, and that the absence of warmth is essential for the completion of vernalization. This knowledge can be used to develop agricultural germplasm with more predictable vernalization responses that will be more resilient to variable growth temperatures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6382010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | The Company of Biologists Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63820102019-02-26 VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures Dixon, Laura E. Karsai, Ildiko Kiss, Tibor Adamski, Nikolai M. Liu, Zhenshan Ding, Yiliang Allard, Vincent Boden, Scott A. Griffiths, Simon Development Research Article Low temperatures are required to regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth via a pathway called vernalization. In wheat, vernalization predominantly involves the cold upregulation of the floral activator VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1). Here, we have used an extreme vernalization response, identified through studying ambient temperature responses, to reveal the complexity of temperature inputs into VRN-A1, with allelic inter-copy variation at a gene expansion of VRN-A1 modulating these effects. We find that the repressors of the reproductive transition, VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2) and ODDSOC2, are re-activated when plants experience high temperatures during and after vernalization. In addition, this re-activation is regulated by photoperiod for VRN2 but was independent of photoperiod for ODDSOC2. We also find this warm temperature interruption affects flowering time and floret number and is stage specific. This research highlights the important balance between floral activators and repressors in coordinating the response of a plant to temperature, and that the absence of warmth is essential for the completion of vernalization. This knowledge can be used to develop agricultural germplasm with more predictable vernalization responses that will be more resilient to variable growth temperatures. The Company of Biologists Ltd 2019-02-01 2019-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6382010/ /pubmed/30770359 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.172684 Text en © 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Dixon, Laura E. Karsai, Ildiko Kiss, Tibor Adamski, Nikolai M. Liu, Zhenshan Ding, Yiliang Allard, Vincent Boden, Scott A. Griffiths, Simon VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures |
title | VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures |
title_full | VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures |
title_fullStr | VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures |
title_full_unstemmed | VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures |
title_short | VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures |
title_sort | vernalization1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6382010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30770359 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.172684 |
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