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Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton
Fear of predation may influence food webs more than actual predation. However, the mechanisms and magnitude of nonconsumptive predator effects are largely unknown in unicellular-dominated food webs such as marine plankton. We report a general mechanism of chemically induced predator effects in marin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Association for the Advancement of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6382395/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5096 |
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author | Selander, E. Berglund, E. C. Engström, P. Berggren, F. Eklund, J. Harðardóttir, S. Lundholm, N. Grebner, W. Andersson, M. X. |
author_facet | Selander, E. Berglund, E. C. Engström, P. Berggren, F. Eklund, J. Harðardóttir, S. Lundholm, N. Grebner, W. Andersson, M. X. |
author_sort | Selander, E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Fear of predation may influence food webs more than actual predation. However, the mechanisms and magnitude of nonconsumptive predator effects are largely unknown in unicellular-dominated food webs such as marine plankton. We report a general mechanism of chemically induced predator effects in marine plankton. Copepods, the most abundant zooplankton in the oceans, imprint seawater with unique polar lipids—copepodamides—which trigger toxin production and bioluminescence in harmful dinoflagellates. We show that copepodamides also elicit defensive traits in other phytoplankton, inducing the harmful algal bloom-forming diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata to produce 10 times more toxins, and colony-forming diatoms to decrease colony size by half. A 1-year study in the northeast Atlantic revealed that natural copepodamide concentrations are high enough to induce harmful algal toxins and size reduction in dominant primary producers when copepods are abundant. We conclude that copepodamides will structure marine plankton toward smaller, more defended life forms on basin-wide scales. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6382395 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63823952019-02-23 Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton Selander, E. Berglund, E. C. Engström, P. Berggren, F. Eklund, J. Harðardóttir, S. Lundholm, N. Grebner, W. Andersson, M. X. Sci Adv Research Articles Fear of predation may influence food webs more than actual predation. However, the mechanisms and magnitude of nonconsumptive predator effects are largely unknown in unicellular-dominated food webs such as marine plankton. We report a general mechanism of chemically induced predator effects in marine plankton. Copepods, the most abundant zooplankton in the oceans, imprint seawater with unique polar lipids—copepodamides—which trigger toxin production and bioluminescence in harmful dinoflagellates. We show that copepodamides also elicit defensive traits in other phytoplankton, inducing the harmful algal bloom-forming diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata to produce 10 times more toxins, and colony-forming diatoms to decrease colony size by half. A 1-year study in the northeast Atlantic revealed that natural copepodamide concentrations are high enough to induce harmful algal toxins and size reduction in dominant primary producers when copepods are abundant. We conclude that copepodamides will structure marine plankton toward smaller, more defended life forms on basin-wide scales. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2019-02-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6382395/ /pubmed/30801004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5096 Text en Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Selander, E. Berglund, E. C. Engström, P. Berggren, F. Eklund, J. Harðardóttir, S. Lundholm, N. Grebner, W. Andersson, M. X. Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton |
title | Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton |
title_full | Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton |
title_fullStr | Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton |
title_full_unstemmed | Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton |
title_short | Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton |
title_sort | copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6382395/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5096 |
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